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carbs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process by which organisms take in and assimilate food for growth and repair. | Nutrition |
| Father of Medicine; said “Let food be thy medicine.” | Hippocrates |
| Father of Nutrition; discovered respiratory metabolism. | Antoine Lavoisier |
| Exchange of gases and oxidation of food to produce CO₂ and water. | Respiratory Metabolism |
| Coined the term “vitamines” or vital amines. | Casimir Funk |
| Provide nutrients like water, protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins. | Feeds |
| Organic compounds of C, H, and O that serve as the main energy source. | Carbohydrates |
| Equation representing the formation of glucose in plants using sunlight. | Photosynthesis Equation |
| Functions include providing energy, heat, building blocks, and fat storage. | |
| Condition when the body burns fat for energy instead of glucose. | Ketosis |
| Condition where the body cannot produce insulin. | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Protein-energy malnutrition caused by carbohydrate deficiency. | Marasmus |
| Simplest sugar units such as glucose, fructose, or galactose. | |
| Monosaccharide with aldehyde group (CHO); reducing sugar. | Aldose |
| Monosaccharide with ketone group (C=O); non-reducing sugar. | Ketose |
| Form of glucose where –OH on carbon 1 points downward. | Alpha Glucose |
| Form of glucose where –OH on carbon 1 points upward. | Beta Glucose |
| Main energy sugar; also called “grape sugar.” | Glucose |
| Sweetest sugar found in fruits and honey. | Fructose |
| Sugar component of milk (lactose). | Galactose |
| Sugar found in RNA, ATP, and ADP. | Ribose |
| Pentoses that act as intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway. | Xylulose and Ribulose |
| Sugar found in hemicellulose and plant gums. | Arabinose |
| Disaccharide of glucose and fructose; non-reducing; table sugar. | Sucrose |
| Disaccharide of glucose and galactose; reducing; milk sugar. | Lactose |
| Disaccharide of two glucose units; reducing; malt sugar. | Maltose |
| Disaccharide made of β-glucose units. | Cellobiose |
| Long chain of monosaccharides with (C₆H₁₀O₅)n formula. | Polysaccharide |
| Storage carbohydrate in plants; composed of amylose and amylopectin. | Starch |
| Unbranched, helical starch polymer; soluble in hot water. | Amylose |
| Branched starch polymer; insoluble and main starch component. | Amylopectin |
| Storage form of glucose in animals; also called “animal starch.” | Glycogen |
| β-glucose polymer forming plant cell walls; indigestible to humans. | Cellulose |
| Dietary fiber made of mixed monosaccharides; known as “wood molasses.” | Hemicellulose |
| Dietary fiber located between plant cell walls. | Pectin |
| Plant exudates containing galactose and glucuronic acid chains. | Gums |
| Fibers from seaweeds containing mannose and galactose. | Mucilages |
| Non-carbohydrate bulk fiber that provides plant rigidity. | Lignin |
| Starch-like compound that hydrolyzes to fructose instead of glucose. | Inulin |
| Metabolic cycle where glucose is oxidized to produce ATP energy. | Krebs Cycle |
| Exchange of gases, oxidation of foodstuffs, production of CO₂ and H₂O | |
| Bousingault (1822) | Discovered that villagers using iodized salt were free from goiter |
| Berzelius (1838) | Found that iron in hemoglobin allows oxygen absorption |
| Charles J. Chossat (1840) | Discovered calcium is essential for bone development |
| Lunnin (1881) | Found that milk contains life-essential substances |
| Christiaan Eijkman (1897) | Linked beriberi to poor diet, leading to vitamin discovery |
| Casimir Funk (1912) | Formulated the vitamin concept (“vital amines”) |
| Hart and Associates (1925) | Discovered copper cures iron-deficiency anemia in rats |
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