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pharm modul 6
Pharm Math Sem 2 Module 6 - Routine Immunizations & Heparin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heparin: | An anticoagulant medication that prevents blood clots from forming. |
| Anticoagulant: | A class of drugs that reduce the blood's ability to clot. |
| Blood Thinner: | A common term for anticoagulant medications. |
| Factor Xa: | A key enzyme in the blood clotting cascade that heparin helps to inactivate. |
| Thrombin: | An enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming blood clots; heparin inhibits its action. |
| Antithrombin: | A natural protein in the blood that inactivates thrombin and other clotting factors; heparin enhances its effect. |
| High-Alert Medication: | A drug that carries a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error. |
| Unfractionated Heparin (UFH): | The standard form of heparin. |
| Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH): | A more refined form of heparin with a more predictable effect. |
| Protamine Sulfate: | The antidote used to reverse the effects of heparin in cases of overdose or severe bleeding. |
| Thrombocytopenia: | A condition characterized by a low platelet count. |
| Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): | A serious adverse reaction to heparin that causes a sharp decrease in platelets and an increased risk of clotting. |
| Subcutaneous (SUBCUT): | A route of medication administration into the tissue layer between the skin and muscle. |
| Tuberculin Syringe: | A small syringe used for precise measurements, often for subcutaneous injections like heparin. |
| Vaccine: | A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. |
| Immunization: | The process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. |
| Immunity: | The body's ability to resist a particular infection or toxin. |
| Antigen: | A substance that triggers an immune response, specifically the production of antibodies. |
| Antibody: | A protein produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. |
| Innate Immunity: | The non-specific, first line of defense immunity that a person is born with. |
| Passive Immunity: | Short-term immunity acquired from the transfer of antibodies from another person or animal. |
| Acquired Immunity: | Immunity that develops after exposure to a disease or through vaccination. |
| Adaptive Immunity: | A specific immune response that develops throughout life. |
| Herd Immunity: | The indirect protection from a contagious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune. |
| Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs): | Infectious diseases for which an effective preventive vaccine exists. |
| Live Attenuated Vaccine: | A vaccine made from a weakened form of the live virus or bacteria. |
| Inactivated Vaccine: | A vaccine made from a killed version of the virus or bacteria. |
| Killed Vaccine: | Another term for an inactivated vaccine. |
| Toxoid Vaccine: | A vaccine made from a inactivated toxin produced by the bacterium. |
| Subunit Vaccine: | A vaccine that uses only a specific piece of a virus or bacteria to stimulate an immune response. |
| Conjugate Vaccine: | A type of subunit vaccine that links a weak antigen to a strong antigen to boost the immune response. |
| Viral Vector Vaccine: | A vaccine that uses a modified virus to deliver genetic code for antigen production into cells. |
| mRNA Vaccine: | A vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a protein that triggers an immune response. |
| DNA Vaccine: | A vaccine that uses DNA to code for antigenic proteins, still largely experimental. |
| Adjuvant: | A substance added to some vaccines to enhance the immune response. |
| Preservative: | A substance added to a vaccine to prevent contamination. |
| Stabilizer: | A substance added to a vaccine to keep it effective during storage and transport. |
| Buffer: | A solution in a vaccine that helps maintain its pH. |
| Tonicity: | A property referring to the concentration of solutes; vaccines are made isotonic to match the body's fluids. |
| Formaldehyde: | A chemical used to inactivate viruses or toxins in some vaccines. |
| Antibiotics: | Medications added to some vaccines to prevent bacterial growth during production and storage. |
| Surfactants: | Detergent-like substances used in some vaccine manufacturing processes. |
| Measles: | A highly contagious viral disease preventable by the MMR vaccine. |
| Mumps: | A viral disease that causes swelling of the salivary glands, preventable by the MMR vaccine. |
| Rubella (MMR): | A viral disease also known as German measles; the "R" in the MMR vaccine. |
| Varicella: | The virus that causes chickenpox. |
| Zoster: | The virus that causes shingles. |
| Polio: | A viral disease that can cause paralysis, preventable by vaccination. |
| Rabies: | A viral disease transmitted through animal bites, preventable by post-exposure vaccination. |
| Diphtheria: | A serious bacterial infection preventable by the DTaP/Tdap vaccine. |
| Tetanus: | A bacterial infection causing muscle stiffness, preventable by the DTaP/Tdap vaccine. |
| Pertussis (DTaP): | A highly contagious respiratory infection also known as whooping cough; the "P" in the DTaP/Tdap vaccine. |
| Hepatitis A: | A viral liver infection preventable by vaccination. |
| Hepatitis B: | A viral liver infection preventable by vaccination. |
| Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib): | A bacterium that can cause severe infections, especially in children, preventable by vaccination. |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV): | A common virus that can lead to certain cancers, preventable by vaccination. |
| Pneumococcal: | Refers to diseases caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, preventable by vaccination. |
| Meningococcal: | Refers to diseases caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, preventable by vaccination. |
| Influenza: | A contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses, preventable by the annual flu vaccine. |
| Rotavirus: | A virus that causes severe diarrhea in infants and young children, preventable by vaccination. |
| Yellow Fever: | A viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, preventable by vaccination. |
| COVID-19: | A disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, preventable by vaccination. |
| Multi-Dose Vial: | A vial containing more than one dose of a medication or vaccine. |
| Single-Dose Vial: | A vial containing only one dose of a medication or vaccine. |
| Reconstitution: | The process of adding a liquid (diluent) to a powdered medication or vaccine to prepare it for administration. |
| Intramuscular (IM): | A route of medication administration into a muscle. |
| Anaphylaxis: | A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur after vaccination or medication administration. |
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