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Human Physiology
weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases in human populations. |
| Positive-feedback control systems d what to change? | accelerate a change. |
| what are the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Effector mechanism , sensor, integrating center |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | set point. |
| 3 things Negative-feedback mechanisms do | minimize changes in blood glucose levels, maintain homeostasis. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | positive |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | Prion |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Name three things that can put one at risk for developing a given disease? | Environment Stress Lifestyle |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a state of relative constancy. |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| The term that literally means self-immunity is: | autoimmunity |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change. |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called | organic molecules. |
| What determines how a protein performs? | shape |
| The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is | prostaglandin |
| The most important monosaccharide is | glucose |
| DNA and RNA are important because | information molecules. |
| Which term means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head? | hydrophilic |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) | polymer |
| What is ATP | is the form of energy that cells generally use. |
| In base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____. | adenine; thymine |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? | Glycogen |
| All proteins have which four elements? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| Proteins are polymers of | amino acids. |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which | all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | phospholipid & steroid |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component. | carbohydrate and protein; protein |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: | essential amino acids. |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bonds. |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | Prostaglandin |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| HOw can you describe the structure of DNA? | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. |
| The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: | steorid |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | Primary |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | Secondary |
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