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pharm mod 2
math review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: | The study of drugs and their effects on the body. |
| Pharmacotherapeutics: | The clinical reason or purpose for using a medication. |
| Pharmacokinetics: | What the body does to the drug (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion). |
| Pharmacodynamics: | What the drug does to the body; its mechanism of action and effects. |
| Pharmacogenetics: | How a person's genes affect their response to medicines. |
| Absorption: | The process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream. |
| Distribution: | The process of a drug dispersing throughout the body via the bloodstream. |
| Metabolism: | The body's process of breaking down a drug into metabolites. |
| Excretion: | The process of removing drug metabolites from the body. |
| Agonist: | A drug that binds to and activates a receptor to produce a response. |
| Antagonist: | A drug that blocks a receptor, preventing other drugs or substances from activating it. |
| Bioavailability: | The amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation to produce an effect. |
| Onset: | The time it takes for a drug to start producing its therapeutic effect. |
| Peak: | The point of maximum drug concentration and greatest therapeutic effect in the body. |
| Duration: | The length of time a drug produces its therapeutic effect. |
| Half-life: | The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to reduce by half. |
| Therapeutic Window: | The range of drug concentration in the blood that is safe and effective. |
| Peak and Trough Levels: | Blood tests to measure the highest (peak) and lowest (trough) drug concentrations. |
| Dose Response Relationship: | The correlation between the dose of a drug and the magnitude of its effect. |
| Polypharmacy: | The use of multiple medications by a patient, typically five or more. |
| Medication Reconciliation: | The process of creating the most accurate list of a patient's medications. |
| Best Possible Medication History (BPMH): | A comprehensive list of a patient's medications, verified for accuracy. |
| High-Alert Medications: | Drugs that bear a heightened risk of causing significant harm if used in error. |
| A PINCH: | A acronym for high-alert medications: Anti-infectives, Potassium, Insulin, Narcotics, Chemotherapy, Heparin. |
| Rights of Medication Administration: | A safety checklist for nurses (e.g., right patient, right drug, right dose). |
| Medication Errors: | Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm. |
| Systems of Measurement: | Standard units for measuring drugs (e.g., Metric, Imperial). |
| Fractions: | A numerical representation representing a part of a whole. |
| Decimals: | A number system based on the number 10, used for precise drug dosages. |
| Ratio and Proportion: | A mathematical relationship between two numbers, used for dosage calculations. |
| Geriatrics: | Relating to the healthcare of older adults. |
| Pediatrics: | Relating to the healthcare of children. |
| Transitions of Care: | The movement of patients between different healthcare locations or providers. |
| CYP450: | A family of liver enzymes responsible for metabolizing many drugs. |
| Prodrug: | An inactive drug that is metabolized into an active form inside the body. |
| Metabolites: | The products of drug metabolism. |
| First-Pass Effect: | The initial metabolism of an oral drug in the liver and intestines before it reaches systemic circulation. |
| Receptors: | Specialized proteins on or in a cell that a drug binds to to produce an effect. |
| Ligand: | A molecule (like a drug) that binds to a receptor. |
| Synergistic: | A drug interaction where the combined effect is greater than the sum of individual effects. |
| Additive: | A drug interaction where the combined effect is equal to the sum of individual effects. |
| Antagonistic: | A drug interaction where one drug reduces or blocks the effect of another. |
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): | A test that measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. |
| Creatinine Clearance: | A measure of how well the kidneys are removing creatinine from the blood. |
| Serum Creatinine: | A blood test that measures the level of creatinine, a waste product, to assess kidney function. |
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