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pharmacology

QuestionAnswer
Cholinergic Agents (Parasympathomimetics) Mimic acetylcholine or inhibit acetylcholinesterase → ↑ ACh at parasympathetic sites Bethanechol (Urecholine), Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Anticholinergic Agents (Parasympatholytics) Block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors → inhibit parasympathetic activity Atropine, Benztropine , Trihexyphenidyl
Hydantoins Block sodium channels → stabilize neuron membranes and prevent abnormal firing Phenytoin (Dilantin), Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
Succinimides Ethosuximide
Carbamazepine Block sodium channels → reduce neuronal excitability
GABA Analogues ncrease GABA activity → inhibit excitatory neurotransmission Gabapentin, Pregabalin
GABA Enhancers / Modulators Enhance GABA release or inhibit its breakdown → increase inhibition Valproic Acid , Phenobarbital , Tiagabine ), Topiramate , Zonisamide
Na⁺ / Ca²⁺ Channel Blockers Inhibit sodium and calcium influx → stabilize neuron membranes Lamotrigine Levetiracetam
Dopamine Agonists (Parkinson’s) Replace dopamine or stimulate dopamine (D1/D2/D3) receptors Levodopa/Carbidopa, Apomorphine, Pramipexole , Ropinirole
MAO-B Inhibitors nhibit MAO-B enzyme → ↓ dopamine breakdown → prolong dopamine action Selegiline , Rasagiline
Dopamine-Releasing Agents Stimulate dopamine release & inhibit reuptake Amantadine
COMT Inhibitors Inhibit COMT enzyme → prevent dopamine degradation → extend Levodopa activity Entacapone
Anticholinergics (parkinsons) Block acetylcholine → restore dopamine balance in CNS Benztropine , Trihexyphenidyl, Diphenhydramine
Barbiturates (Sedative-Hypnotics) Potentiate GABA → depress CNS (dose-dependent) Phenobarbital, Secobarbital
Benzodiazepines (Sedative-Hypnotics) Enhance GABA-A receptor activity → promote sedation, relaxation Diazepam, Lorazepam , Temazepam , Triazolam
BZD Receptor Agonists Bind selectively to GABA-A receptor complex → induce sleep Zaleplon Zolpidem , Eszopiclone
Antihistamine Sedative Block histamine (H₁) receptors → produce sedation Diphenhydramine , Doxylamine
Melatonin & Melatonin Agonists Stimulate melatonin receptors → regulate circadian rhythm Melatonin, Ramelteon , Tasimelteon
Herbal Sedatives Enhance GABA’s natural inhibitory effects Valerian
Created by: shaialagrcia01
 

 



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