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Earth Layers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geosphere | The rock portion of Earth, made up of four different layers |
| Asthenopshere | Soft, slow moving layer beneath Earth's crust |
| Lithosphere | Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and solid upper mantle that is broken into plates the move on top of the atmosphere |
| Mantle | Layer beneath Earth's crust that is mostly less solid than the crust |
| Outer Core | Liquid, metal layer surrounding Earth's inner core |
| Inner Core | The solid, metal center of Earth with high pressure and temperature |
| Crust | The thin hard outer layer of Earth |
| Earth's layer from inner most to outer most? | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| What happens as you travel further into the Earth ? | The pressure increases |
| Which layer is a solid metal ball made up of liquid nickel and iron? | Inner core |
| The movement of Earth's plates is caused by convection currents found within which layer? | mantle |
| Which layer is made of the three different types of rock; igneous, metaphoric, and sedimentary? | Crust |
| Earth's layer from the coldest to hottest? | Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| Which layer is responsible for Earth's magnetic field? | Outer core |
| Why is the inner core solid? | High pressure |
| The difference between the inner core and outer core? | The outer core is fluid, and the inner core is solid. |
| True or false? The mantle is solid but can flow under pressure | True |
| True or false? The inner core is hollow | False |
| 3 reasons for Earth's heat interior | Collisions, Gravity, Radioactive decay |
| Reasons for Earth's magnetic field | Differentiation, Density |
| Who made the continental drift theory | Alfred Wegner |
| reasons that support the continental drift theory | It fits together like a puzzle, there are plant fossils on antarctica showing that antarctica used to warm and have living plants on it so it would have to be near the equator, similar rock structure line up on coast lines of continents. |
| one more reason that supports continental drift theory | Glacial evidence found across continents |
| What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics | The theory that Earth's lithosphere/crust is made of large plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere |
| 3 pieces of evidence supporting sea-floor spreading | older rocks father from mid ocean ridge, as the rocks get farther from the mid ocean ridge the older they get, pillow lava occurs when lava cools quickly, magnetic reversal |
| what is magnetic reversal? | Throughout Earth's history the poles switch which way is north and which was is south |
| The hypothesis that continents move slowly is called Continental -------- | Drift |
| All continents once might have been connected in a large landmass called -------- | Pangaea |
| The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is a --------- current | convection |
| Just below Earth's crust is the ------- | mantle |
| The crust and part of the upper mantle are known as the ---------- | lithosphere |
| Continental plates move on the plastic-like layer of Earth's surface called the -------- | asthenosphere |
| Hot magma forced upward at the mid-ocean ridges produces seafloor -------- | spreading |
| Sections of Earth's crust and part of the upper mantle are called--------- | plates |
| The theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are in sections that move is called plate -------- | Tectonics |
| Convection currents cause | Convection currents are caused by Earth;s internal thermal energy causing the mantle to heat, expand, and rise. As it gets closer to the crust it cools and becomes denser |
| Effect of convection currents | The convection currents act as a "conveyor belt", moving the plates of the lithosphere |
| Result of Convection currents | The results of plates moving are Earthquakes and mountains. |
| What occurs during continental-continental | Collisions, 2 continental crusts collide and it buckles up pushing the crust up |
| Landforms created during continental-continental | Mountain ranges like the Himalayan mountain range |
| What occurs during continental-oceanic | Ocean crust crashes into Continental crust |
| What subduction happens during continental-oceanic | The denser (heaver) crust slides under the less dense plate or crust (oceanic goes under continental) |
| What landforms are made during continental-oceanic | Volcanic arc, oceanic trenches ( where the subduction is happening) like the Peru Chile trench |
| What occurs during oceanic-oceanic | Dense plate slides under the less dense plate |
| What subduction happens during oceanic-oceanic | the denser (heaver) crust slides under less dense plate or crusts |
| What is made during oceanic-oceanic | Island arcs, trenches like Aleutian islands in alaska |
| What is a convergent boundary | 2 plates collide into one another |
| What is a divergent boundary | 2 plates moving apart |
| what is a transform boundary | two plates slide past each other is opposite directions |
| Different types of faults | Normal fault found at the divergent boundary, reverse fault found at the convergent boundary, strike-slip fault found at the transform boundary |
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