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Psychology
Chapter 3 Section 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. The junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another | Synapse |
| 2. Nerve cells | Neutrons |
| 3.Column of nerves that extends from the brain down the back and transmits messages to the muscles and glands in the body | Spinal cord |
| 4. A white fatty substance that insulates and protects axons and speeds the transmission of messages sent by neurons | Myelin |
| 5. Thin fibers that receive information and pass messages through cell bodies | Dentrites |
| The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. | False, Central nervous system |
| The somatic nervous system regulates vital functions like breathing. | False, autonomic nervous system |
| Neurons release neurotransmitters to send messages across synapses. | True |
| Sensory messages are transmitted by the autonomic nervous system. | False, Somatic nervous system |
| The dendrite produces energy that fuels a neuron’s activity. | False, Cell body |
| “I am the system that transmits messages from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.” | Peripheral nervous system |
| “I am the part of a neuron that transmits messages away from the cell body.” | Axon |
| “I am the junction between two neurons.” | Synapse |
| “I am the part of the central nervous system that runs down the back.” | Spinal cord |
| “I am released by neurons to carry messages across synapses.” | Neurons |
| Neuron: | Nerve cells that run through our bodies and communicate with each other. |
| Central nervous system: | Made up of the spinal cord and the brain. |
| Peripheral: | Nerve cells send messages between the Central nervous system and other body parts. |
| 1. Part of the brain that regulates balance and coordination | Cerebellum |
| 2. Area of the brain that forms a border around the brain stem and is involved in learning, memory, hunger, and aggression | Limbic system |
| 3. Tiny part of the brain that regulates body temperature, nutrient storage, and various aspects of motivation and emotion | Hypothalamus |
| 4. Largest part of the brain that makes complex learning and abstract thinking possible | Cerebrum |
| 5. Part of the brain that regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and other vital functions | Medulla |
| The brain’s _______________________ areas shape information into meaningful information. | Association |
| The outer layer of the brain is known as the cerebral _______________________. | Cortex |
| The _______________________ transmits sensory information to the areas of the brain that interpret and respond to the information. | Thalamus |
| The midbrain includes the _______________________ activating system, which regulates alertness and arousal. | Reticular |
| The _______________________ connects the two hemispheres of the brain. | Corpus callosum |
| 11. a. cerebrum b. complex learning c. balance d. abstract thinking | Balance |
| 12. a. hemispheres b. cerebral cortex c. thalamus d. motor behavior | Thalamus |
| 13. a. medulla b. forebrain c. pons d. hypothalamus | Forebrain |
| 14. a. electroencephalogram b. computerized axial tomography c. limbic system d. magnetic resonance imaging | Limbic system |
| The _______________________ system is made up of a series of glands located throughout the body. | Endocrine |
| _______________________ are substances that stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions, such as changes in activity levels and physical moods. | Hormones |
| The _______________________ gland, sometimes called the “master gland,” secretes hormones that affect various aspects of behavior. | Pituitary |
| _______________________ is the primary male sex hormone. | Testosterone |
| The _______________________ gland produces a hormone that affects the body’s metabolism. | Thyroid |
| Estrogen | Female sex hormones. Group of chemically similar hormones. |
| Adrenal glands | Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline. |
| Testes | Stimulates growth of the female reproductive organs and helps prepare the body for pregnancy. |
| Anabolic | Other glands that influence sexual development and functions. |
| Progesterone | The production of synthetic human growth hormones and steroids. |
| “I am the system of glands throughout the body that produces and releases hormones.” | Endocrine system |
| “We are the glands in women that produce estrogen and progesterone.” | Ovaries |
| “I release a variety of hormones that affect aspects of behavior and stimulate other glands.” | Pituitary gland |
| “I help promote increased muscle mass and beard growth in males.” | Testosterone |
| “I produce Thyroxin, which helps control the body’s metabolism.” | Thyroid gland |
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