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Test 3
Investments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Category Comparison Equation | R - Rfree = a + B * (Rm - Rfree) |
| Allocation Effect Equation | Ei = [(Wpi - Wbi) * (Rbi - Rb)] |
| GDP | GDP = C(personal consumption) + I(private investment) + G(government spending) + E(net exports) |
| Change in CPR | CPI = (new CPI / old CPI) ^12 - 1 |
| Quoted Annual Rate | i = Ir(real risk-free) + Pi(premium for expected inflation) + Pd(premium for default risk) + Pl(premium for liquidity) + Pt*(premium for the term to maturity) |
| Payout | Payout Ratio = Dividends / Earnings Retention Ratio = 1 - Payout Ratio |
| Stock Splits | Stock Split = Price / (split) Owned Shares = Shares * (split) |
| DRIPs | Stock Price = Dividend * Shares Owned Shares = Price / Old stock price Old stock price * # of stocks owned old price - new price |
| Perpetuity Method | Perpetuity Method = Dividend / Required rate |
| Future Price Constant Growth Method | D5 = D0 + (N * G) P5 = D6 / (R - G) D6 = D5 + Growth rate |
| PEG Ratios | PEG = (price / EPS) / G |
| Dividend Yield | Discount Rate = Discount / Price |
| Conversion Price | Conversion Price = P0 / Conversion Ratio |
| Participating Preferred | Price = Dividend / Discount Rate |
| Conversion Options | Pc = Share w/ option + Share w/o option |
| Annual Price of Share | P0 = Dividend / Discount Rate |
| Quarterly Price of Share | New Discount Rate = Rate of Return / 4 P0 = Discount / new Discount Rate |
| Returns from funds that are weighted differently to different asset classes and sectors are known as | allocation effects |
| A larger Treynor Index, when compared to another portfolio's Treynor Index, generally indicates | better performance |
| The act of overweighting and underweighting different sectors or categories in a portfolio is called | sector rotation strategy |
| Attempting to outperform a benchmark or market by buying and selling investments is called | an active investment strategy |
| The evaluation of how portfolio management decisions seek to outperform a benchmark is known as | attribution analysis |
| When an investor holds a diversified combination of assets over a long time period in order to match a benchmark, it is called a(n) | passive investment strategy |
| After obtaining the return and category for investment comparison, the two most common ways to compare the funds are by | rank and average |
| A larger Sharpe ratio, when compared to another portfolio's Sharpe ratio, is | interpreted differently, depending on whether the portfolio is in a rising or declining market |
| When an investor attempts to associate asset purchases prior to a bull market and selling investments prior to a bear market, this is called | market timing |
| A measure that takes into account excess return relative to systematic risk is known as | the Treynor Index |
| If a portfolio has higher returns with a 60%/40% stocks-to-bonds allocation versus a 75%/25% allocation, this is known as a(n) | allocation effect |
| When using the typical models, such as the capital asset pricing model, the market return Rm proxy is generally the | S&P 500 Index |
| The interest rate that investors can earn without bearing any risk in a non-inflationary environment is known as the | real risk-free rate |
| The interest rate charged to banks from the Federal Reserve to borrow funds is called the | discount rate |
| The most frequently recommended metal for investors to consider during inflationary periods is | gold |
| Which of the following is NOT a component of calculating gross domestic product (GDP)? | Inflation |
| The monetary base measure of tracking changes in the money supply includes all of the following EXCEPT | checking accounts |
| Higher interest rates produce lower security prices because | higher borrowing costs will reduce the attractiveness of buying securities on credit |
| Which of the following economic impacts would lead to an increase in gross domestic product (GDP)? | Lowering the interest rate |
| Which of the following items is NOT part of the money supply known as M1? | Savings accounts |
| The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the Federal Reserve to | rapidly drop the target federal funds rate close to zero |
| Which of the following commodities has not been recommended to investors during inflationary periods? | Meats |
| One strategy for investors to consider during periods of inflation include | shifting from financial assets to physical assets |
| The maximum amount that an investor in common stock can lose is | the amount of the investment |
| When comparing two firms, in order to properly account for growth, which ratio is best to use? | PEG ratio |
| The Shiller PE ratio was developed because | of the criticism that the PE ratio is too volatile |
| When comparing the constant growing dividend calculation with a finite calculation, what is the main difference in these formulas? | The need for future price |
| Which investment philosophy is focused on securities that are considered to be undervalued? | Value investing |
| The metric used to describe the amount of dividends paid during a given time frame relative to the earnings of the firm is known as the | payout ratio |
| The form of business that includes the issuance of a charter and common stock along with the establishment of bylaws and voting rights for stockholders is called a | corporation |
| Financial ratios are commonly used by all of the following parties EXCEPT | regulatory bodies |
| Which investment philosophy is focused on securities with a future potential that the market has not adequately priced? | Growth-stock investing |
| When a preferred stock offers investors an opportunity to receive extra dividends if a company meets its financial goals, it is said to be | participating |
| In the event of corporate liquidation, the participating preferred shareholder has the | right to receive the stock's purchasing price back as well as a pro-rata share of any remaining proceeds that the common shareholders receive. |
| Regarding dividends, a participating preferred stockholder will potentially receive | the preferred stock dividend plus a dividend based on some predetermined condition. |
| The price of a perpetual preferred stock is calculated by | dividing the dividend amount by the discount rate |
| Which of the following statements about callable preferred stock is true? | The firm may buy back the shares (usually at a premium) when it so chooses past a certain date |
| The valuation of a finite-lived preferred share must include the | amount that is repaid when the preferred stock is retired, which must be discounted back to the present value |
| Due to the probability of receiving extra dividends, the valuation of participating preferred shares is | greater than the valuation of otherwise equivalent cumulative preferred stock |
| In order for a corporation to take full advantage of the dividends received deduction, they should aim to own what percentage of another corporation? | 20%– 0% |
| If preferred shareholders are relying on regular dividends on their stock, they should avoid | noncumulative preferred stock |
| The dividend rate on floating preferred shares is typically set | quarterly or semiannually |