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Sociology: culture
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| culture | the beliefs, values, and practices of a group |
| material culture | Objects and belongings of a group people-physical things, places, spaces ex; Wedding dress, cell phone, lamborghinis |
| nonmaterial culture | Ideas, attitudes, beliefs of a society- nonphysical, ex; marriage, technology, wealth status |
| cultural universals | Patterns/ traits globally common to all societies, |
| ethnocentrism | Evaluating or judging another culture based on how it compares to one’s own cultural norms- belief that one’s culture is superior to others |
| cultural relativism | Practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture |
| xenocentrism | Belief that another culture is superior to its own- opposite of ethnocentrism |
| culture shock | Occurs when an individual is disoriented or frustrated in a new cultural environment, experienced in a variety of ways- vacation, studying abroad |
| cultural imperialism | Deliberate forcing of one’s cultural values on another culture |
| Values | Portray ideal culture |
| Beliefs | Fundamental properties that guide one’s beliefs |
| formal norms | written rules, Ex; laws, school policies |
| informal norms | general rules that are understood and conformed to, Ex; holding a door, waiting in line, quiet in library |
| folkways | type of informal Norm without moral underpinnings- day to day specific, ex; greeting someone(handshake, bow) or saying “please” and “thank you” |
| mores | Norms that embody the moral views & principles of a group, violating them has consequences ex; attending a wedding or funeral in a swim suit- goes against beliefs of what is right and wrong |
| ideal culture | Values portray ideal culture |
| real culture | Real: the way society really is |
| Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | Idea that people experience their word through their language, therefore understand their world through culture embedded in their language |
| language | language shapes thought by providing a framework for perception and categorization |
| thought | influences the development and evolution of language. This idea is framed by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
| subculture | distinctive lifestyles, values, norms, & beliefs of certain segments of the population within a society (culture within a culture) |
| counterculture | has values that differ from the mainstream culture and actively try to change it |
| cultural relativism examples | Eating habits, Marriage standards, clothing, public behavior |
| cultural universals examples | Family structures, personal names, |
| cultural lag | gap between the rate of change in material culture (like technology) and the slower rate of change in non-material culture (like beliefs, laws, and social norms) |
Created by:
klimgabr