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Isabel Medina #1
SCI 221 week 1-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence, distribution, transmission |
| The term that literally means self-immunity is: | autoimmunity |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | positive |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change |
| Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: | the body trying to maintain homeostasis and a negative-feedback mechanism |
| Negative-feedback mechanisms: | minimize changes in blood glucose levels maintain homeostasis are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses. |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| What may put one at risk for developing a given disease? | Environment Stress Lifestyle |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | Prion |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Transmitter |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | set point |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | Tapeworms |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a state of relative constancy |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development |
| Positive-feedback control systems: | accelerate a change |
| Intrinsic control or also know as? | autoregulation |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen |
| DNA: | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | steroids |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | Maltose |
| Which of the following is not true of RNA? | It contains ribose sugar It contains adenine It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides |
| Which class of substances is not organic: lipids, carbohydrates, or electrolytes? | Electrolytes |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | Salts |
| Are all of the following statements about carbohydrates true—(1) they include sugars, (2) they are the body’s primary energy source, and (3) they are part of both DNA and RNA? | yes |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. | glycogen |
| Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: | essential amino acids. |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | amino acids |
| The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: | steroids |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be: | GATCCGAC |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component. | carbohydrate and protein; protein |
| The amino group in an amino acid is: | NH3+ |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol |
| State the ion counts and directions moved by the Na⁺/K⁺ pump in one cycle. | Three Na⁺ out, two K⁺ in or 3 sodium out, 2 potassium in. |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion |
| Which statement about RNA is false: (1) single-stranded, (2) contains uracil, (3) A–U and G–C pairing, (4) contains deoxyribose sugar? | (4) “contains deoxyribose sugar” is false (RNA has ribose). |
| Which statement about meiosis is false: (1) primitive sex cells become mature gametes, (2) cells become haploid, (3) meiosis occurs in two divisions, (4) chromosome number remains at 46? | (4) “chromosome number remains at 46” is false (it’s reduced to 23 in humans). |
| A nucleic acid with bases A–U–C–G–A contains which sugar? | Ribose (the U indicates RNA) |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase |
| A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: | hypertonic |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by: | osmosis |
| Diffusion requires: | a concentrated gradient |
| The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: | filtration |
| Which statement about the Na⁺/K⁺ pump is false: it uses cellular energy, it uses a carrier protein, or it moves sodium into the cell and potassium out? | The last one is false — the pump moves 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis |
| The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs? | TAGC |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | active transport |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| Diffusion is a __________ process and therefore does not require cellular energy (ATP). | passive |
| Which transport process is not passive: filtration, osmosis, or endocytosis? | Endocytosis (it’s active) |
| Which feature does not characterize DNA: double helix, obligatory base pairing, or ribose sugar? | Ribose sugar (DNA has deoxyribose). |
| Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? | connective |
| Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain? | Microglia |
| Which is not a function of connective tissue? | communication |
| Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? | connective |
| Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? | Brown fat |
| Which of the following vitamins is(are) absorbed through the skin? | A, D, K |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? | collagen |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | astrocytes |
| True or false: Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways. | true |
| The hypodermis: | connects the dermis to underlying tissues |
| Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction? | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells |
| The papillary layer of the dermis: | produces the ridges that make fingerprints |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | basale |
| Areolar tissue usually contains which types of cells in the greatest number? | fibroblasts |
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issyp