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Soc Unit 2
Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| socioeconomic status | an individuals position in a social system. Any measure to classify groups |
| stratification | hierarchical organization of a society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or status and economic resources |
| income | money you get from work or transfers |
| wealth | your net worth |
| upper class | people at the top of the socioeconomic food chain |
| middle class | above poverty line. Includes working class |
| poor | below poverty line |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | used human biology and human instincts to determine social outcome |
| social equality | condition where there's no difference in wealth, power, prestige, or status |
| physical inequality | age, health, bodily strength |
| social inequality | inequality established by society per say |
| Ferguson and Millar | inequality is good and is result of surplus. transform current resources into assets. Big improvement in society |
| Hegel | Master-slave dialectic. Each dependable on each other. Likes monarchs and empires |
| dialectic | two-way directional relationship; goes both ways. |
| dialectic materialism | privileges create problems over economic material resources as the central struggle and driver of change in society |
| Malthus | Wrote "an essay on the principle of population as it affects the future improvement of society. Population grows exponentially. Over population is bad |
| Weber | ideas play important role in determining who gets what. Religion determines economic success. You have material riches, you go to heaven |
| structural functionalism | emphasized the economy and society as an organized system that allowed individuals to be in their most suitable occupations |
| conflict theory | different interest groups did struggle for authority, and these conflicts drove societal change. In and out groups |
| equality of opportunity | everyone has equal chance to get wealth, prestige, and power |
| bourgeois society | modern capitalist society. Money = winning |
| equality of condtion | everyone should have equal starting point |
| equality of outcome | should end up equal regardless of the fairness |
| free rider problem | when more than one person is responsible for getting something done, each individual shrinks responsibility hoping others will do more |
| estate system | political based stratification characterized by limited social mobility. Laws distribute rights and duties unequally. Found in federal Europe and in American South |
| caste system | religion based system characterized by no social mobility. Division of labor predetermined by birth. Common in India. Can have mobility if entire caste changes behavior |
| class system | economically based hierarchal system characterized by cohesive operational groups and somewhat loose social mobility. Weber said members of same class have similar values in workplace |
| contradictory class locations | can be in class structure that falls between two "pure" classes. Wright likes this |
| proletariat | working class |
| bourgeoise | the capitalist class |
| status hierarchy system | basis on social prestige. Weber thinks groups united by positive and negative social estimation of their honor |
| elite-mass dichotomy system | governing elite or few leaders who broadly hold power in society aka oligarchy. Pareto things few in power good as long as they know what they doing. Mills said not beneficial |
| Pareto Principle | 80/20 rule |
| social mobility | the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society |
| Horizontal social mobility | group of individual transitioning from one social status to another situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder |
| Vertical social mobility | rise or fall of group or individual from one social stratum to another |
| structural mobility | mobility that's inevitable given changes in the economy |
| exchange mobility | mobility resulting from swapping jobs |
| status-attainment model | ranks individual by socioeconomic status like income and education and seeks to specify the attributes characteristic of people who end up in more desirable occupations |
Created by:
omckenna52