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Afsaneh Heidari
flashcards for physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is homeostasis and why is it important? | Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite eternal changes. It keeps variables like temperature , pH, and glucose within a normal range so cells can function properly. |
| What are the main components of a feedback system? | A feedback system includes a receptor, a control center, and an effector. Most are negative feedback loops that restore balance. |
| What are the four main classes of biomolecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. |
| What is the difference between a monomer and polymer? | A monomer is a single building block and polymers are chains of monomers linked together. |
| What are the main stages of the cell cycle? | Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis. |
| What is the difference between active and passive transport? | Passive transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient. Active transport uses ATP to move substances against their gradient. |
| What are the two main layers of the skin? | Epidermis and dermis |
| How does the parathyroid gland affect bone loss? | The parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone when calcium levels are low. |
| What makes a muscle contract? | A message from a nerve makes calcium move into the muscle, and calcium helps the muscle fibers slide together so the muscle can tighten. |
| how does a muscle relax? | The nerve signals stops, calcium goes back into storage, and the muscle fibers slide apart so the muscle can relax. |
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