the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions (like temperature, pH, and blood pressure) despite changes in the external environment

Which two body systems mainly help maintain homeostasis?

The nervous system and endocrine system — they detect changes and send signals or hormones to restore balance.

What are the four main types of biomolecules in the body?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What is the main function of enzymes in the body?

Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.

What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?

The cell membrane (plasma membrane) controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is mitosis, and why is it important?

Mitosis is cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, important for growth, repair, and replacement of body cells.

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates identical body cells, while meiosis creates sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes.

What are the three main layers of the skin?

The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

To cover and protect body surfaces, line organs and cavities, and form glands.

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (like calcium), and blood cell formation in bone marrow.

What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, and rib cage; the appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles that attach them to the body.

What are the three main types of joints in the body?

Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable) joints.

What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

It explains that actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle to produce contraction.

What are the three main phases of an action potential?

Depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.

What is the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Graded potentials vary in strength and fade over distance, while action potentials follow the all-or-none rule and travel along the entire neuron without losing strength.

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Physiology Set 1

Question	Answer
What is homeostasis?	the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions (like temperature, pH, and blood pressure) despite changes in the external environment
Which two body systems mainly help maintain homeostasis?	The nervous system and endocrine system — they detect changes and send signals or hormones to restore balance.
What are the four main types of biomolecules in the body?	Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the main function of enzymes in the body?	Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?	The cell membrane (plasma membrane) controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is mitosis, and why is it important?	Mitosis is cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, important for growth, repair, and replacement of body cells.
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?	Mitosis creates identical body cells, while meiosis creates sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes.
What are the three main layers of the skin?	The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
What is the main function of epithelial tissue?	To cover and protect body surfaces, line organs and cavities, and form glands.
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?	Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (like calcium), and blood cell formation in bone marrow.
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?	The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, and rib cage; the appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles that attach them to the body.
What are the three main types of joints in the body?	Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable) joints.
What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?	It explains that actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle to produce contraction.
What are the three main phases of an action potential?	Depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.
What is the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?	Graded potentials vary in strength and fade over distance, while action potentials follow the all-or-none rule and travel along the entire neuron without losing strength.

Created by: meahs

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