Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO MIDTERM 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excavata synapomorphies | feeding groove loss of mitochondria in some |
| Rhizaria synapomorphies | no cell wall thread like pseudopodia elaborate 'shells' |
| some Alveolata are capable of | biolumenscence |
| Stramenpila synapomorphies | flagella with hair-like projections |
| Toxoplasmosis | Alveolata Cat poo fecal oocysts -food/pigcat-human neurological or muscular |
| Red Tides | Alveolata Dinoflagellates deplete oxygen, neurotoxins contaminate shellfish humans-neuro, speech, limb function |
| Malaria | Alveolata, plasmodium sp. mosquito saliva, infect liver and then blood cells, bursting flu-like symptons, diarrhea |
| Giardia | Excavata freshwater big time diarrhea |
| Brain Eating Amoeba | Excavata Water gets up nose into brain |
| African Sleeping sickness | Excavata-(Trypanosoma) tsetse fly bites fever-neuro-death |
| Chagas disease | Excavata kissing bug swelling of eyes or lips heart infection up to 30 years later |
| Leishmaniasis | Excavata sandfly saliva infect blood of mammals and then more insects |
| 3 types of leishmaniasis | cutaneous (skin) visceral(liver) mucocutaneous (mucus membrane) |
| non vascular plants are | ex. mosses gametophyte dominant |
| seedless non-vascular plants are | ex. ferns sporophyte dominant |
| seed plants | ex. gymnosperm and angiosperm sporophyte dominant conifers, cycads, gnetophytes, ginkophytes |
| 5 major obstacles to life on land: | 1. control water loss 2. intense sunlight (UV) 3. growing upright despite gravity 4. reproducing without water 5. moving around |
| all (angio, gymno, monilophytes, mosses) control water loss with | cuticle, gas exchange and water control with guard cells on spores and stomata spores with sporopollenin |
| sporopollenin | coats spores and pollen and protects from drying out |
| Flavonoids | absorb UV radiation and protect DNA, also used for pigment |
| the first land plants were | mosses |
| monilophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms grow upright with | vascular tissue |
| monilophytes have vascular tissue and | lignin |
| angiosperms have vascular tissue and | vessel elements |
| moss gamete container, female and male houses? | gametangia archegonia antheridia |
| how do moss 'move around' | spores blow in the wind |
| four main synapomorphies of land plants | cuticle, alternation of generations, flavonoids, stomata with guard cells |
| gymno and angiosperms reproduce without water using | pollen tube |
| angiosperms 'move around' when | animals move pollen and fruit/seeds |
| gymnosperms 'move around' when | microspores(pollen) blows in the wind |
| differentiate between tracheids and vessel elements | tracheids have gaps in end through only secondary wall(lignin) vessel elements have gaps in end through lignin and cellulose walls |
| xylem | water |
| phloem | sugar |
| homospory | ferns spores make a gametophyte that produces both eggs and sperm |
| heterospory | pince tree produces microscpore/male gametophyte/pollen AND megaspore/female/ ovules |
| ovule contain | megasporangia contain mother cell(n) |
| three parts of seed | embryo(2n) nutritive tissue seed coat |
| cycads | dioecious large compound megaphylls |
| ginkos | dichotemously branching leaves dioecious no cones fleshy seeds |
| conifers | monoecious male cones and female cones same tree |
| gnetophytes | stupid looking long leaves Dioecious in common with angiosperms: vessel elements and double fertilization |
| all gymnosperm have | pollen vascular tissue |
| angiosperms synapomorphy | vascular tissue, fruit |
| monocots | straight veins, petals x3 |
| eudicots | branching veins, petals x4 or x5 |
| in double fertilization | pollen tube grows down style and 2 sperm cells go, one fertilizes egg and forms zygote, the other creates 3n endosperm (nutritive tissue) |
| ovary becomes | fruit |
| ovules become | seeds |
| trends in plant evolution | sporophyte dominance, cuticle, flavonoids, reproduction without water, more efficient dispersal, tracheids-vessel elements |
| Besides Giardia, who has two nuclei | Paramecium (two diff sizes) Plasmodial slime mold(millions) Ciliates(two diff sizes) (All Alveolates) |
| Euk Synapomorphies | Membrane Bound Nucleus Membrane bound organelles More than one chromosome, Linear |
| Profilin | essential for complex cell structure and dynamics in eukaryotes- found in Asgard Archaea big deal |
| what hypothesis explains the presence of mitochondria in eukarya | endosymbiosis hypothesis |
| explain endosymbiosis hypothesis | Asgard Archaean engulfed a bacteria the bacteria gave host cell atp and the host cell gave bacteria carbon and protection |
| which features of the mitochondria support the idea that it came from an engulfed bacterium? | the mitochondria replicates by fission, has its own circular DNA |
| Mitochondrial DNA is closely related to | a-proteobacteria |
| Evidence of Chloroplasts in Plantae coming from bacteria | replicate by fission singular circular DNA bound by double membrane genome similar to cyanobacteria |
| 5 major innovations of Eukaryotic cells | Multicelularity diverse cell supports Ingestion of food Sexual reproduction- red queen, changing environment Ploidy levels Mitosis and Meiosis New modes of Movement |
| Red Queen hypothesis | sexual reproduction creates more diversity in a species, increases the chance of surviving parasites, predators |
| Changing Environment hypothesis | Sexual reproduction is favored because it creates genetic variation, which helps populations adapt to unpredictable or changing environments |
| Ploidy levels across domains? | Bac and arch are haploid Euk can be all three |
| motility in bacteria and archaea? | swimming and gliding are common, or nonmotile |
| foraminiferans are | rhizarians with outsides made of CaCO3 |
| radiolarians are | rhizarians with outside made of silica |
| water molds are in what clade | stramenopila (flagella w/ "hairs") |
| Name Bikonta lineages | SARPE |
| Name Unikonta Lineages | OA |
| Name bikonta lineages with major parasites | Alveolata and excavata |
| What single celled eukaryote causes Malaria? which clade? what human cells are affected? | Plasmodium, Alveolata, liver cells- blood |
| what feature defines plantae? | chloroplasts via 1st degree endosymbiosis |
| who has gametangia? | Moss, ferns, gymnosperms |
| Do flowers have gametangia? | No |
| Plants and algae with chloroplasts fix atmospheric CO2 through | photosynthesis |
| homospory | (one-spore). sporophyte produces one spore type, spore will develop into gametophyte with both sex gametes ex. ferns and mosses |
| monoecious | male and female reproductive structures are on one plant |
| who is responsible for sudden oak death and irish potato blight | stramenopila |
| Is pine tree heterosporous or homosporous | heterosporous (producing two types of spores: large female megaspores and small male microspores) |
| Is pine tree monoecious or dioecious | monoecious (having male and female reproductive parts on the same individual plant) |
| whats larger, the megaspore or the female gametophyte or the egg | megaspore includes the female gametophyte which forms eggs |
| order: microspores, pollen, male gametophyte | Stamens produce and hold the microspores, which become pollen(which contains the male gametophyte) |
| Do angiosperms have gametangia | No, the gametophyte is made inside the spore Male gametophyte = pollen grain āā makes sperm inside itself (no antheridia) |
Created by:
user-1788656