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NAC 1& 2
Units 1 and 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| res | resident |
| _ C | with |
| - s | without |
| pt | patient |
| p | after |
| SBA | stand by assistant |
| VS | vital signs |
| PRN or prn | as needed |
| C/O | complains of |
| BID | twice a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| QID | four times a day |
| dx | diagnosis |
| OOB | out of bed |
| pc | after meals |
| HOB | head of bed |
| R/T | related to |
| △ | change |
| r/o | rule out |
| BRP | bathroom privileges |
| cc | cubic centimeters |
| ml | milliliters |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| amb | ambulate |
| q | every |
| O2 | oxygen |
| HTN | Hypertension (High blood pressure) |
| What are ADL's | daily task everyone does like getting dressed, brushing your hair, etc. |
| Where does the NAC fall in the chain of command | At the bottom, even thou we are the most important part of the chain |
| What is chain of command? | order of authority in a facility |
| What is delegation? | assigning of task to another |
| What is dementia? | loss metal abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning |
| What is holistic care? | This envolves the whole person physical, social, emotional amd spiritual needs. |
| What is hospice care? | Care given to people with 6 months or less to live goal is comfort |
| What are people in a hospital referred as? | Pt - patients |
| What are people in a nursing home referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in assisted living referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in Adult family homes referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in Alzheimer's unit referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people In-Home care referred as? | Clients |
| What is another way to refer to Alzheimer's units? | Memory care unit or secured unit |
| What is an Adult family home? | It is a regular home in a residentual neighborhood where the residents live and receive care |
| What is pallative care? | This is to maximize quality of life and is when someone has a serious illness but they are not yet ready to die. |
| Can a NAC dispense medication? | Not unless they have had additional training to do this. |
| What is the NAC in charge of in any facility? | Them, themselves |
| What is rehabilitation? | Specialized care, like physcial therapist that help restore or improve function |
| What is skilled care? | Care available 24 hrs a day, that is medically necessary and is given by skilled nurse or therapist |
| What is a resident? | Person who resides or lives in nursing home, assisted living, adult living unit or alzheimer's unit (Memory care unit) |
| What is assisted living? | Res. are generally more independent. |
| What is home health care? | Care that takes place in one's home. |
| Is dementia a normal part of aging? | No |
| What is professionalism? | has to do with behaving properly when working. |
| What are 4 ways to display professionalism? | Neatly dressed and groomed. Not using personal phone in res. rm showing up for work when scheduled, addressing res., family and visitors by their name |
| What should you never call someone while working? | Sweetie, honey or dear |
| Should a NAC report changes in resident's conditions | Yes |
| Who should a NAC report changes to? | The nurse promptly |
| What is a policy? | course of action to be taken everytime a certain situation happens |
| What is a procedure? | Method or way to do something. Procedure manual has info. on the exact way to complete everything |
| What is considered assault? | Threaten to harm someone |
| What is battery? | Hurting someone, actual harm |
| Explain criminal law? | Public law to protect society |
| Explain civil law? | disputes between individuals |
| What is DNR? | do not resuscitate; no life saving measures are to be taken |
| What are ethics? | knowing right from wrong or standards of conduct |
| What is HIPPA? (Health Insurane Portability and Accountability Act) | Privacy act |
| Who are mandated reporters? | NAC but anyone dthat observed abuse or neglect due to their regular contact with res., pt or client |
| What is OBRA? (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) | Law passed by federal govern. /Minimum standards for NAC training, staffing requirements, resident assessment insgtructdions and info. on rights for res. |
| What is an ombudsman? | legal advocate for res. in LTC |
| What is coercion? | use of force |
| What are Residents' rights? | How we treat res. they have all the same rights that you do. |
| How many additional hours must a NAC do for education to keep their skills up? | 12 hrs per year |
| What is quality of life? | Right to the best care available that preserves dignity, choice, and independence |
| How should we handle rights and services for the res.? | Told what services are offered and how much it will cost. Also any changes in treatment. |
| What is assault? | threaten to harm |
| What is battery? | Hurting someone |
| What is libel? | false written statement |
| What is slander? | false spoken statement |
| How many forms are there of neglect in the Health care world? | 2 - active and passive |
| What is active neglect? | Ignoring when you know a pt/res. need assistance |
| What is passive neglect? | when it is an accident not ignored. |
| Explain residents' right | Same rights that everyone else has |
| How many additional hours of training are required and how often for a NAC? | 12 hrs. per year |
| What are some the residents rights? | Quality of life, Service and activities to maintain a high level of wellness, To be fully informed about rights and services, To participate in their own care, Make independent choices, Privacy and confidentiality, Dignity, respect and freedom |
| What is physical abuse? | any treatment intentional or not, that causes harm (i.e. hitting, pushing, shoving |
| What is psychological abuse? | emotional harm caused by threatening, frightening, sioltating, intimidating, humiliating or insulting a person |
| What is verbal abuse? | use of language, pictures or gesters that threaten, embarrassor insult a person |
| What is sexual abuse? | non-consensual contact of any type (i.e. dirty magazine, rubbing up against a res.) |
| What is financial abuse? | Improper or illegal use of a persons money, possessions, property or other assets |
| What is domestic violece? | abuse by a spouses, intimate partner, or family members |
| What is Intimate partner violence (IPV)? | physical, sexual, or emotional harm caused by a partner or spouse. This includes isolating a partner or restricting access to help and information. |
| What is workplace violence? | Abuse of staff by other staff member, resident or visitor. Can be verbal, physical or sexual |
| What is false imprisonment? | unlawful restraint that affects a person's freedom of movement |
| What is involuntary seculsion? | Separating a person rom others against the persons will |
| Explain sexual harrassment? | any unwelcome secual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment |
| What is substance abuse? | Repeated use of legal or illegla substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others (legal and prescribed is still abuse) |
| What is active listening? | Giving a person one's full attention while they are talking and encouraging them to give inormation and clarify ideas |
| What is body language? | nonverbal communication, (facial expression, gestures, posture) |
| What is an incident report? | Report documenting an incident (accident) and the actions taken from that |
| What is nonverbal communication? | No words |
| What is objective information? | Factual (Seeing, hearing, smell, and touch these are called signs) |
| What is subjective information? | info. collected from resident, family, friends that may or may not be true (also known as symptoms) |
| What percentage of communication is nonverbal? | 90 |
| What is presbycusis? | inability to hear high pitch frequencies (speak low and slow) |
| What is the last sense you loose? | Hearing |
| What is frustration? | expression in the form of anger |
| When a res. has trouble understanding or using verbal communication what is this called? | barrier |
| What is the root of a word? | The main part of the word that is the basic meaningor definition |
| what is the prefix of a medical term? | it precedes the root to help form a new word |
| What is the suffix of a word? | it is found at the end of the root |
| How do you make a correction in a medial record? | draw a line through it and then record correct info. then inital and date |
| How is the res. care managed? | When a care plan |
| What is an incident? | an accident, problem, or unexpected event that happens during the course of care |
| What should you record when an incident happens? | Who, what, where and when it happened |
| What is a incident report? | Report that documents the incident and the response to it |
| What is code status? | This informs staff the type and scope of care that should be provied in the event of cardia arrest. |
| What is full code? | Try all measures to bring the res. back |
| What is no code? | No not attempted anything and let the res. pass on |
| Can you have just depression in a facility? | No you normal also will have anxiety they go hand and hand |
| What are the 4 - behaviors for effective communication? | patient, consistant, speak low and speak slow |
| dys- | not normal |
| a- | without |
| hyper- | elevated |
| hypo- | under/low |
| afebrile | free of fever/no fever |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath/difficulty breathing |
| dysfunctional | abnormal |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat |
| asymptomatic | no symptoms |
| apnea | airway blocked/cannot breath - absence of breathing; may be temporary |
| asystole | no heart beat |
| hyperthermic | hot |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| hypocalcemia | low calcium in the blood |
| hypokalemia | low potassium levels |
| hypernatremia | abnormally high levels of sodium in the blood |
| What should you do as you enter a res. room? | knock, pause, state res. care - use res. name, your name, tell them what you are going to do, pull privacy curtain - bed breaks locked and bed t safe level - wash hands - begin skill |
| What should you do as you exit the room? | Make sure signal device is within reach - bed locked and low - wash hands - remind res. to use signal device if they need anything |
| How is C. difficile or C. Diff (Clostridiodies difficile spread? | Bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill |
| What is hand hygiene? | Washing hands and nails with soap and water or alcohol-base hand sanitizer |
| What percentage of alochol should your hand sanitizer have to be good? | 60% or higher |
| What is hepatitis? | Inflammation of the liver caused by vruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications aned trauma |
| What is microorganism (MO)? | living thing or organism so small it can only been seen under a microscope |
| What is MRSA? (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotic methicillin or other antibiotics |
| What is normal flora? | microogranisms that normally live in and on our bodies that do not cause harm |
| What is a pathogen? | microogranism that cause infection or disease |
| What is PPE? | Personal protective equipment: to protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses |
| What is the chain of infection? | how disease is transmitted from one human being to another |
| How many links are in the chain of infection? | 6 |
| What are the links of the chain of infection? | Causative agent (pathogen), Reservoir (pathogen lives blood, lungs, wounds), Portal of Exit (sputum, wound drainage), Mode of Transmission (1 person to another), Portal of Entry (how it gets Susceptible Host (Young or old, and the immune comprimised |
| How do we wash our hands? | Turn on water, wet hands and wrist, apply soap and scrumb from fingertips to wrist, for at least 20 sections, keeping elbows down |
| How effective are gloves? | 75% |
| Is normal flora a good or bad microogranisms? | Good |
| What are some of the bad microogranisms? | Bacteria (MRSA, TB), virns (HIV, COVID, Flu), fungi (ringworm, athlete's foot) and parasities (scabies) |
| How many signs of inflammation are there? | 4 |
| What are the signs of inflammation? | Pain, Heat, Redness and swelling |
| What are the categories of Isolation? | Standard (wear mask, pt wears mask when leaving room), Contact (all surfaces ), Droplets (sneeze or cough ), Airbone (N95 mask) |
| How do you stop the chain of infection? | hand hygiene |
| What order to you dawn your PPE? | gown, gloves, and then mask |
| What order do you remove PPE? | glove (grab non domanate and then wad up, then incase with other glove), gown and then mask |
| Will hand sanitizer remove C. diff? | No, only soap and water |
| What is angina? | chest pain, pressure , or discomfort due to coronary artery disease |
| What does CHF stand for? | congestive heart failure |
| What is CHF or Congestive heart failure? | Heart muscle is damaged and fails to pump effectively one or both sides of the heart stop pumping |
| What is diastole? | When the heart muscle is relaxed |
| What is an embolism? | blockage of blood vessel by a blood clot or fat |
| What is hypoxia? | Body tissued do not get enough oxgen |
| What is ischemia? | lack of blood supply to an area |
| What does nitroglycerin do? | mediation that relaxes walls of the coronary arteries |
| What is pulmonary embolism (PE)? | blockage in the pulmonary artery, usually a blood clot |
| What is systole? | phase of the heart when it is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the ventricle |
| What is a vein? | vessel that carries blood to the heart |
| What is the name of a blood clot caused from long periods of sitting or laying down? | thrombus |
| What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | blood clot in large vein in the body, most often in the leg |
| When do you put on a compression sock on a res. or pt? | before getting out of bed in the morning and at night when you put the pt or res. to bed |
| Where do you take an apical pulse? | left side of the chest just below the nipple. |
| What is apnea? | absence of breathing or no breath |
| Where do you take a brachial pulse? | inside the elbow, about 1 to 1 1/2 inches above the elbow |
| What is Cheyne-Stoke respirations? | alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations, possibly long with periods of apnea (as one is dying) |
| What is diastolic? | second measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart relaxes or is at rest (bottom number) |
| What is hypertension? | High blood pressure, regularly measuring 120/80 mmHg or higher |
| What is orthostatic hypotension? | sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands or sits up, also referred to postural hypotension. |
| Is orthostatic hypotension the same as postural hypotension? | Yes |
| Where do you take a radial pulse? | pulse located on the thumb side of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin |
| What is a sphygmomanometer used for? | Device used to measure blood pressure |
| What is systolic? | First measurement in blood pressure, phase when the heart is working, contrating and pushing blook out of the left ventricle (top number) |
| What are vital signs? | the measurements that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of te body |
| How many vital sign measurements are they and what are they. | 4 - temperature, pulse rate, respiration, and blood pressure |
| What is respiration? | Process of inhaling and exhaling air in and out of the lungs |
| How long do you count heart beats when taking an apical pulse? | 1 full minute |
| What are the two things every cell needs? | oxygen and glucose |
| What type of blood do arteries carry? | Oxygen rich blood, usually bright pinky red |
| What type of blood do veins carry? | Oxygen poor blood, usually dark burgundy |
| What is the oxygen saturation level in a healthy non-smoking person? | 97 to 100% |
| What is (TIA) Transient Ischemic Attack stand for? | Transient - anywhere, ischemic - lack of blood, attack - sudden |
| What does cardiac chest pain feel like? | It is super strong chest pain that really hurts, stops you in your track |
| What is (CVA) Cerebrovascular accident also known as | stroke |
| What is hemorrhagic? | bleeding or blood loss |
| What is occlusive? | blood clot stuck somewhere, prevents passage of air, fluid or other substances |
| What is nitroglycerin? | It is a vasodialtor - opens up the vessels |
| What is the holiday that send most people to the hospital and why? | Thanksgiving - from possible over-eating and the pain you feel from eating too much |
| What are the side effects of taking a vasodilator? | Bad headache and drop of blood pressure |
| What does the SA Node do for the heart? | It is the director that tell the other 3 quadrants what to do, the pacemaker of the heart |
| What is a blood thinner called? | anticoagulant |
| What stage of life might you experience Atrial fibrillation? | Most common in eldery people |
| What is atrial fibrillation? | Irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow. |
| What is a normal blood pressure | 120/80 mmHg |
| What is a normal pulse? | 60-90 bpm (beats per minute) |
| What is normal respiration? | 12-20 bpm (breaths per minute) |
| What is the normal body tempature? | 98.6 |
| What are the different ways you can take a temperature? | Rectal, oral, tympanic (ear), temporal (forehead), axillary (arm pit) |
| What is the most accurate way to get a temperature? | Rectal |
| What are the normal temperatures for each of the ways to take it | Rectal 99.6, oral 98.6, tympanic (ear) 97.6, temporal 97.6, axillary 96.6 |
| What is tempature measuring? | Measurement of energy your body is using |
| How long do you leave a thermometer in the mouth? | 3 minutes |
| What is another name for a heart attack? | myocardio infarction or MI |
| 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation equal what | 1 respiration |
| Are cc (cubic centimeter) and ml (milliliters) exchangeable measurements? | Yes |
| What is one short little line on a thermometer? | 0.2 degrees |
| What is one short little line on a sphgmomanometer? | 2 mmHg |
| What is one short little line on a scale? | .25 lbs |
| What is one short little line on a graduated container? | 25 cc's |
| What is a blood pressure greater than 120/80 to 139/89 considered? | Pre- HTN |
| Where all in the body can you take a pulse? | carotid, apical (left side level just below nipple), radio (wrist), brachial (inside elbow), femoral (grown), pedal (top of foot) |
| What does CHF feel like? | Like your lungs are filling with fluid - ymptoms include dizziness, confusion, a rapid or pounding heart, and a feeling of fullness or bloating in the stomach |
| What happens to your heart as you age? | The heart does not pump blood as effectively as it does when you are young |
| f/u | follow up |
| CVA | cerebral vascular accident |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| I & O | Intake and output |
| NOC | night |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| w/c | wheelchair |
| NAS | no added salt |
| Fx | fracture |
| PT | Physical therapy |
| OT | Occupational therapy |
| ST | Speech therapy |
| STAT | immediate |
| FWW | front wheeled walker |
| < | less than |
| > | greater than |
| gtt | drop |
| rxn | reaction |
| abd | abdomen |
| UA | urinalysis |
| Hx | history |
| N/V | nausea and vomiting |
| aspiration | the inhalation of food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs |
| 1 cause of pneumonia in LTC | |
| atrophy | weakening or wasting away muscles |
| body mechanics | the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves |
| contracture | the permanent and painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament that can restrict movement |
| cyanosis | blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood |
| What does the acronym PASS stand for? | Acronym for use of a fire exteinguisher; stands for Pull- |
| Aim-Squeeze-Sweep | |
| What does the acronym RACE stand for? | Steps taken during a fire; Rescue or Remove, Activate alarm, Contain or confine, Extinguish |
| What are the 4 ways to prevent a fall? | Bed locked and low, gait belt firm around patient's waist, Non-skid shoes or socks, and Signal light |
| When do you lock the breaks on a wheelchair? | When moving pt in and out of bed to wheelchair or visa versa, making sure foot rest is out of the way w/c to bed |
| How do you tell which bed is 1 and which bed is 2` | Pt. in bed one will be near the door and is listed as the first name on the door, bed 2 is nearest to the widow and the name is on the bottom |
| disphagia | means difficulty swallowing |
| hoarding | Collecting and putting things away in a guarded way. ( example - twinkie in bra or under fold of breast) |
| What is the best position to put the pt. in when giving food or drink while in bed? | Sitting upright at a 90 degrees |
| When carrying object how should you be holding it? | Close to your body |
| When lifting or putting something on the ground, what should your body mechanics be? | using your legs and thighs by squating while lifting |
| What is a restraint? | Physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior. |
| Who authorizes a restraint and what type do you use? | Only when needed and only with doctor's orders and the least restrivtive restraint possible must be chosen |
| Is oxygen considered a drug? | Yes |
| What is a emese basin? | Kidney shaped, it is used to collect bodily fluids such as vomit |
| What is the heimlick maneuver now called? | abdominal thrust |
| What is the most common item that causing choking? | Meat is the 1 followed by lettuce. In nursing homes broccoli can also cause problems to make sure to cut everything up in bite size pieces |
| emesis | the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose. |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| hyperglycemia | high blood glucose (blood sugar) |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose (blood sugar) |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | condition which blood flow to the heart is blocked and muscle cells die. AKA Heart attack |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness; aka fainting |
| obstructed airway | when someone is choking, they usually put their hands to their throats |
| When someone is choking what should you do? | If they are making sounds, be calm, supportive and let them work it out. |
| shock | occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply |
| What is another way to say severe bleeding? | hemorrhage |
| What is a code team? | Team chosen for thata shift to respond in case of resident emergency |
| What do you do when someone is having a seizure? | For safety protect their head if you can put a pillow under them, make sure they are breathing and if necessary turn them on their side to prevent choking on vomit |
| What does L/min mean? | Liters per minute |
| When would you use L/min? | This is used for the doseage from oxygen which can be 1/2 to 2 L/min |
| What is the other name for a transfer belt? | gait belt |
| When is it appropriate to do an abdominal thrust? | When there is no signs of air, color change on face |
| ambulation | act of moving/walking with/without an assistive device |
| dangle | sit up with legs hanging over the side of the bed in order to regain balance |
| logrolling | moving a person as a unit, without distrubing the alignment of the body |
| mechanical lift | special equipment used to lift and move or lift and weigh a person (hydraulic lift) |
| prone | body position in wich a person is lying on his stomach, or front side of the body |
| shearing | skin moving one way and the bone underneathit remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction |
| supine | body postion in which a person is lying flat on his back. |
| transfer belt | belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to help people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated to stand, sit or walk |
| What is another name for the mechanical lift | hoyer |
| friction | the rubbing of a surface against each other |
| How often should bedbound patients be repositioned? | It is critical and it should be done at least every 2 hours |
| What is the degrees that you lift a bed for high-Fowler's position? | Upper body is sitting nearly straight up 60 to 90 degree |
| What position would you be in for semi-Fowler's? | upper body is not raised as high 30 to 45 degrees |
| How many NAC should be used when doing logrolling? | At least 2 people |
| Why would you put someone in a dangle position on the bed? | To help prevent orthostatic hypotension |
| Where and how should you put a gait belt on? | on pt. waist over cloths and snug. |
| When transferrig a patient which side should you be transferrig them one? | Transfer on their strong side |
| What side of the patients body do you ambulation | on their weak side |
| bridge | a type of dental appliance that replaces missing or pulled teeth |
| Can a bridge be a partial? | yes |
| dentures | artificial teeth |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| plaque | substance that accumulates on the teeth from food and bacteria |
| How many different ways are there to give a patient a bath? | 4 |
| What are the different types of baths | partial bath, shower, a tub bath, and complete bed bath |
| Who determines the type of bath a patient gets | Type of bath given is deterined first by the resident's needs and ablities and then by the resident's preference |
| How hot should the water be when giving a patient a bath | 105 degree because by the time you get the container next to the bed it will cool a little bit |
| What is a partial bath | washing face, underarms, hands and perineal area |
| Do you give your patients a massage | No because you could cause shearing. You can lightly apply lotion |
| What type of water is used to clean dentures | tepid water (luke warm) |
| Do you floss patient's mouths | no |
| When cleaning finger nails and toe nails how long do you soak? | hand for finger nails soak for 5 to 10 minutes, feet for toe nails 10 to 20 minutes |
| When putting on patients cloths remember POW, what does this mean? | when putting on cloths put on the weak side first |
| What does TOSS stand for | Take of strong side first |
| renal calculi | kidney stones |
| Appropiately how much urine can one person produce in a day? | 1200 to 1500 mL |
| What is the most common bacteria that causes UTI's in LTC | E. coli bacteria |
| Urinary tract infetion (UTI) | infect of the irethra, bladder, ureter or kideny. Most common bacteria is E coli, it moves from the anus into the urethra and then to the bladder causing the UTI |
| Where is E. Coli most commonly found | gastroniontestinal tract |
| When cleaning women's prenatal area how do you wash? | cleanest to dirtest so from front to back |
| What is a clean-catch specimen | midstream specimen into a clean sterile container |
| What is BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| How often do you empty a foly bag | every 8 hours |
| What is the foly bag | it is a container that captures urine that is clear so that you can make observations on the pt urine |
| Can a chlorheidine gluconate cloth decrease UTI's | yes by about 85% |
| How often should a patient be bathed? | Once or twice a week depending on the patients needs |
| When documenting urine what are you looking for? | quantity, color and clarity |
| How many different colors are used to describe the color of urine | 8 |
| What does pink tinged urine mean | there is blood in the urine |
| Is amber and straw color exchangeable | yes they both mean mild to moderate dehydration issue with the patient |
| What does tea colored urine indicate | severe dehydration, possible organ failure or end of life |
| What does bright yellow urine indicate | the person is taking some type of B vitamin or prenatal vitamins |
| What does yellow or pale yellow urine indicate | The person is getting adequate hydration |
| What does colorless urine indicate | no problems |
| How many differet ways are there to discribe the clarity of urine | 4 |
| What do you do if your pt urine is clear | nothing because that is normal |
| What does cloudy urine indicate | It is not normal first of all and it should be investigated because it could indicate a possible UTI |
| What should you do if the urine has sediment in it? | It is not normal and requires further investigation |
| What do you do when there are mucus threads in the urine | this can be normal and looks like there are little white threads in your urine |
| Do you use a normal tooth brush to brush a patients teeth | you use a oral swab |
| Mouth care | NPO, someone is on O2, febrile, N/G tube, Vomiting or unconscious all of these cause dry or sticky mouth |
| When washing hands how long do you scrub or rub your fingers, hands and wrist for? | Start at fingertips and slow move to approx. 2" above the wrist for at least 20 second |
| What about your fingernails and nail beds? | You scrub your nails and beds after washing for at least 20 seconds. |
| How do you dry your hands? | Pat dry starting or rub working fingers toward the wrist, DO NOT MOVE back down, dump paper towel and get a new one |
| What supplies do you need out before putting the pt/res on the bed pan? | toilet paper, hand wipe, bed pan (in room in night stand), gloves and paper towel |
| Do you lower the bed before placing bedpan? | Yes, lower to level, put your gloves on then place bedpan under pt/res |
| What do you need to ask the pt/res before putting the on the bedpan | As them raise their knees, then to raise their hips while you are placing bedpan - making sure it is place correctly under the buttocks |
| Do you dry bedpan before placing in with dirty equipment? | No you never dry the bed pan |
| What equipment do you need for measuring and recording urinary output? | Nothing but clean gloves at the sink, make a point to put urine in graduated container over the toilet, then place ontop of paper towel |
| Where do you dump the bed pan | Only in the toilet |
| How do you measure the urinary output | reading the graduate by looking at eye level, rounding to the nearest 25ccs |
| Can you perform more than on skill at a time | Yes, as long as you maintain privacy |
| What supplies are needed for perineal care | wash basin, incontent pad, 4 wash rags (4 fold method), bath towel, soap and gloves, 105 degree water |
| How do you preform perineal care | Using 4 fold method, start in perineal area, opening libia, wiping from front to back (cleanest to dirtest), fold way dirt part of w/cloth, then repeat on each side, then turn pt and do anus to tail bone, then each buttock the same way |
| What equipment do you gather before putting pt on bed pan | bed pan, paper towel, toliet paper, hand wipes and gloves |
| How do you get bed pan under pt | With bed flat, ask pt to raise their knees, give the a count to raise their hips so that you can put the bed pan under them |
| What supplies are needed for catheter care | wash basin, incontent pad, 3 wash clothes (4 fold), soap, water at 105 degrees |
| How do you do catherter care to the pt | Once equipment is setup, 1 dry wash cloth, 1 wet wash cloth and soapy cloth, all folded using the 4 fold method, gab catheter and stablize at the meatus wipe down to 4 inches from bottom, then repeat with wet and dry cloth |
| How do you take urinary measurements | Place graduate on paper towel, take bed pan and empty to graduate over toliet, then place on paper towel, look at eye level and round to nearest 25ccs |
| What do you do when assistig w/walking, sitting, or standing with pt that is unstable | Use a gait belt, around pt waist, over clothing and snuggly - remembering to tell pt why you are putting it on that way |
| Where all the different place you can take a tempature and for how long do you take them for clinical testing | each of these are for one minute, |
| carotid, apical (just below left nipple), brachial, radio, femoral, pedal | |
| How long is the urethra for men and then women | Men's are 6 to 8" long, women are 1 1/2" to 2" long |
| List the urinary system organs and what is the extra one that men have | 2 - Kidneys which have millions of nephrons, 2 - ureters, bladder, at the bottom of the bladder you have receptors, then men have a prostrate and then both have urethras |
| What is cellulitis | a skin infection caused by bacteria moving into the tissues due to a break in the skin |
| What is dermatitis | inflammation of the skin also known as ecema |
| What are pressure injuries | localized damage to the skin that occurs due to shearing or to continued pressure over time;also known as pressure sores, decubitus ulcers or bed sores |
| What is psoriasis | autoimmune disease -a chronic skin condition caused by skin cells growing twoo quickly that results in red, white, or silver patches, itching and discomfort |
| What are scabies | a contagious skin infection caused by mites burrowing into the skin that results in pimple-like irritations, rashes, intense itchingm and sores |
| What is shearing | the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction |
| What is shingles | a viral infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox; results in pain, itching, and rashing |
| What are changes i the integumentary system due to aging | Fat and collagen decreases, skin sags, lose of elasticity, causing wrinkles, hair and nail growth slows, skin becomes drier, thinner and more fragile skin, fatty layer thins so they feel colder, hair turns gray, brown spots or age spots |
| What is the normal treatment for dermatitis | topical steroid creams, soothing or drying lotions prescribed by doctor |
| Where might you find a cellulitis spot on a pt | In LTC at the IV site |
| When in a lateral position where might you have pressure injuries | side of head, ear, should, hip, greater trochanter, kness and ankles |
| When in the prone positio where might you have pressure injuries | cheek, collarbone, breasts (women), abdomen, genitals (men), knees and toes |
| When in the supine position where might your pressure injuries be | back of head, shoulder blades, elbows, buttocks, sacrum (base of spine), between the legs, and heels |
| When working with pt what should you make sure you do to help prevent pressure injuries | dry, wrinkle-free linens, no wrinkles in their clothing and making sure you are repositioning the pt at least every 2 hours |
| What are the stages of pressure injuries | stage 1 - skin is intact, stage 2 - partial-thickness skin loss epidermis and dermis discolored and moist, stage 3 - full-thickness skin loss fat is visible in the injury, eschar may be present, slough is yellow, tan, gray, green or brown, stage 4 - full |
| What is abduction | moving a body part away from the midline of the body |
| What is active assisted range of motion (AAROM) | exercise to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by the res w/ some assistance form a staff member |
| What is active range of motion (AROM) | exercise to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by the res himself, without help |
| What is adduction | moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body |
| What is dorsiflexion | bending backward |
| What is extension | straightening a body part |
| What is flexion | bending a body part |
| What is foot drop | weakness of muscles in the feet/ankles that interferes w/the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally - plantar flexion ballerina toes |
| What is passive range of motion (PROM) | exercises to put a joint through its full ar of motion that are done by a staff member, w/out the res help |
| What is range of motion (ROM) | exercises that put a joint through its full arc of motion |
| What is rehabilitation | care that is managed by professionals to restore a person to the highest possible evel of functioning after an illness or injury |
| What is restorative care | care given after rehabilitation to maintain a person's function and increases independence - works to maintain functioning, to improve his quality of life, and increase independance |
| What are possible complications of immobility | Gastrointestinal - constipation, Urinary - Urinary tract infection (UTI), Integumentary - Pressure injuries/slow healing wounds, Circulatory -blood clots, especially in the legs, Respkiratory - pneumonia, musculoskeletal - muscle atrophy/contractures, Ner |
| What do you document when skin | Color, tempature and moisture (turgor) |
| How should you document tempature | Very warm (febrile), warm (normal), cool (possible hypothermia) |
| How many different colors are there to describe skin color? | 7 |
| What is pallor skin color | white |
| What is pale skin | no tan |
| What is pink skin | normal, healthly glow, arterial pink blood in facial area because of the capiaries |
| What is erythema | localized redness, flushed |
| What is dusty skin | light gray, localized @ nail beads/mouth - low blood oxygen |
| What is cyanonic skin | blue/gray , lips, or nail beds that indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood - death |
| mottled | skin pattern, black or dark purple - indicates EOL starts the fartherest away from the heart at the toes and slowly travels through the body |
| How do you describe moisture in the skin | moist (very warm), dry (normal), clammy (cool) |
| If you see P/W/D in a chart what does this mean | Pink, warm and dry (normal limits) |
| Is dermatitis contagious | No, however, it is really itchy |
| What might cause dermatitis | stress, allergens, eather change, can be found in the creases of your elbows and behind knees |
| What might be prescribed to help with dermatitis | steroid cream |
| Is psoriasis contagious | No, this maybe caused by autoimmune dx |
| What is and can be done for psoriasis | hyper production of skin cells, flakey sometimes silver in color, plaques of skin, medications and or tanning bed time |
| Is shingles caused by the herpes zoster | Yes, once you have had chickenpox it lives in your body for the rest of your life and can flare up at anytime |
| Is shingles contagious | Yes, when you have blisters is when you are contagious |
| What is eschar | dead black skin cells around pressure injuries |
| Are NAC responsible for making sure all assisted devices are well maintained | Yes |
| What are examples of assisted devuces | glasses, walker, wheel chair, dentures, hearing aids |
| What is a bed cradle | A half hoop shape or device used to lay the sheets and blankets on so they do not touch the feet of the pt |
Created by:
bdeebrian