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Physiology 1-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integrator | The integrator is often called the integration center or control center of the feedback loop. Often a discrete area of the brain, the integrator receives input from a homeostatic sensor |
| Effector | Effectors are organs, such as muscles or glands, that directly influ-ence controlled physiological variables |
| Negative feedback | control systems are inhibitory |
| Positive feedback | control systems are stimulatory. |
| Steroids | Cholesterol is a steroid found in the plasma membrane sur-rounding every body cel |
| Prostaglandins (PGs) | often called tissue hormones, are lipids com-posed of a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that contains a 5-carbon ring |
| dehydration synthesis | resulting in the loss of water molecules. |
| hydrolysis | a decomposition rxn addition of a water molecule to break a bond |
| during diffusion | diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis | is the movement of water through a semipermeable mem-brane. |
| Channel-mediated passive transport (facilitated diffusio | Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of membrane channels (particles move down their concentration gradient) |
| Carrier-mediated passive transport (facilitated diffusion) | Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of membrane carriers (particles move down their concentration gradient) |
| endocytosis | the plasma membrane “traps” some extracellular material and brings it into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | or “condition of the cell drinking, |
| allosteric effector | A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape |
| kinases. | Sub-stances that convert proenzymes to active enzymes |
| Glycolysis | end product is pyruvate and occurs in the cytosol of cells, outside any particular organelle. |
| cutaneous membrane | or skin, is the primary organ of the integumentary system |
| serous membrane | lines cavities that are not open to the external environment and covers many of the organs inside these cavities. Serous membranes |