Are inhibitory, reverses a change. creating a response (production of heat) that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance. (fall in temperature below a normal set point).

Are stimulatory, Amplifies change. does not operate to help the body maintain a stable, or homeostatic, condition, it is often harmful, even disastrous, to survival. Increases temp and produce more heat.

Four major groups of organic substances

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids and related molecules

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Transfer information, encoded in genes. Two long chains of deoxyribonucleotides coiled into a double-helix shape. composed of the pentose sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Temporary copies of genes of the DNA code and are involved in synthesizing proteins. Composed of the pentose sugar (ribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Mitosis and its four phases?

The process of organizing and distributing nuclear DNA during cell division. Phases are: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Tissue and for types of tissue?

A group of similar cells that perform a common function. 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue

Three types of epithelial membranes?

1. Cutaneous membrane 2. Serous membranes 3. Mucous membranes

Functions of the bones?

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral storage, Hematopoiesis

Long bones—cylindrical Short bones—boxlike Flat bones—broad, sheetlike Irregular bones—various shapes Sesamoid bones—seedlike

Bone-forming cells found in all bone surfaces b. Small cells synthesize and secrete osteoid, an important part of the ground substance. Deposition of calcium and phosphate. 2. osteoblasts remove calcium from blood and lower circulating levels.

Giant multinucleated cells containing many mitochondria and lysosomes. 2. Release calcium into blood and increase circulating levels

Protein hormone produced in the thyroid gland. Produced in response to high blood calcium levels.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Primary regulator of calcium homeostasis. 2. Increase blood calcium levels 3. Increases renal absorption of calcium from urine 4. Stimulates vitamin D synthesis

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. (Collagenous fibers in all three but are most numerous in fibrocartilage)

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Vanessa Mendoza

Physiology Midterm

Question	Answer
Negative Feedback	Are inhibitory, reverses a change. creating a response (production of heat) that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance. (fall in temperature below a normal set point).
Positive Feedback	Are stimulatory, Amplifies change. does not operate to help the body maintain a stable, or homeostatic, condition, it is often harmful, even disastrous, to survival. Increases temp and produce more heat.
Four major groups of organic substances	Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids and related molecules
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	Transfer information, encoded in genes. Two long chains of deoxyribonucleotides coiled into a double-helix shape. composed of the pentose sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
RNA (ribonucleic acid)	Temporary copies of genes of the DNA code and are involved in synthesizing proteins. Composed of the pentose sugar (ribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Mitosis and its four phases?	The process of organizing and distributing nuclear DNA during cell division. Phases are: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
Tissue and for types of tissue?	A group of similar cells that perform a common function. 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue
Three types of epithelial membranes?	1. Cutaneous membrane 2. Serous membranes 3. Mucous membranes
Functions of the bones?	Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral storage, Hematopoiesis
Five types of bones?	Long bones—cylindrical Short bones—boxlike Flat bones—broad, sheetlike Irregular bones—various shapes Sesamoid bones—seedlike
Osteoblasts?	Bone-forming cells found in all bone surfaces b. Small cells synthesize and secrete osteoid, an important part of the ground substance. Deposition of calcium and phosphate. 2. osteoblasts remove calcium from blood and lower circulating levels.
Osteoclasts?	Giant multinucleated cells containing many mitochondria and lysosomes. 2. Release calcium into blood and increase circulating levels
Calcitonin (CT) ?	Protein hormone produced in the thyroid gland. Produced in response to high blood calcium levels.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?	Primary regulator of calcium homeostasis. 2. Increase blood calcium levels 3. Increases renal absorption of calcium from urine 4. Stimulates vitamin D synthesis
Types of Cartilage?	Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. (Collagenous fibers in all three but are most numerous in fibrocartilage)

Created by: Vanessa_7

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