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Stella Kalyana

Physiology Weeks 1-6

Question/Term/Fill in Answer/Definition/Fill in
What are nutrients required in large amounts that provide energy? Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (macronutrients).
Micronutrients Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts to help regulate body processes.
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes is called __________. Homeostasis
What measurement estimates body fat using height and weight? Body Mass Index (BMI)
Metabolism All the chemical reactions in the body that convert food into energy and build or repair tissues.
Which nutrient supplies the most concentrated source of energy? Fat
Water makes up about ________ percent of the human body and is essential for temperature regulation and nutrient transport. 60 percent
Essential nutrients Substances the body cannot make and must obtain from food to function properly.
Which mineral is vital for bone strength and nerve signaling? Calcium
Proteins are made up of smaller building blocks called __________. Amino acids
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
Capillaries Tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.
The heart’s natural pacemaker is the __________ node. Sinoatrial (SA) node.
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? Platelets
Respiration The process of gas exchange — taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place are called __________. Alveoli
What is the primary function of the digestive system? To break down food into nutrients the body can absorb and use for energy.
Peristalsis Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
The small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called __________ that increase surface area for absorption. Villi
What role does the liver play in digestion? It produces bile, which helps break down fats.
Neurons Nerve cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and the __________. Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? The cerebellum.
Synapse The junction where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another.
The protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are called __________. Meninges
Created by: Skalyana
 

 



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