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Maria Segundo
physiology week 1-6
| Term | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are four basic components in every feedback control loop | Integrator or control center, effector mechanism, feedback |
| What functions do the intercellular control, intrinsic control, extrinsic control do? | One mechanisms operate, two mechanisms operate at the tissue and organ levels, three outside control and operates at the system and organism level |
| Explain the function of four major organic substances, 1.carbohydrates, 2.lipids, 3.proteins, 4. nucleic acids | sugar-starch,primary sources of energy for body,dosent dissolve in water/only dissolve in some alcohol/benzene,macromolecules made of amino acids do thing as enzymes structural support moving materials making muscle, DNA-RNA stors & moves genetic info. |
| What is phospholipid structure and what are the functions of each one? | Hydrophilic or water level hydrophobic tails are water fearing and made up of two fatty acid chains that are attached to like glycerol, and tales they received nothing but face each other to be inside the same membrane |
| What function of cells are the most important? And what key functions are involved in it? | makes energy to respond to its environment, maintains homeostasis & reproduces. Key functions related-energy, production, growth, and development, metabolism, and waste removal, reproduction, transport, response to the environment, hereditary material. |
| What do the 5 layers of epidermis Stratum basale (deepest),Stratum spinosum (multiple layers),Stratum granulosum (move up),Stratum lucidum (thin clear layer),Stratum corneum (outermost) do | where new skin cells are making melanin, "prickle cell layer" It helps make the skin flexible and strong, cells flatten granules then keratinization,dead cells found only in thick skin, dead flat cells make protective barrier and are shed regularly. |
| What are the function of the three types of muscle contraction isometric, concentric, and eccentric | Contraction generate force without changing the muscle's length, Contractions shorten the muscle as it generates force, Contractions lengthen the muscle while it's under tension |
| What do the the flections of the body do 1: Dorsiflexion, 2;Plantar flexion, 3: Lateral flexion, 4: Horizontal flexion, 5:Hyperflexion | lifting the top of the foot up, pointing the toes downward, Bending the vertebral column (spine) to the side, shoulder movement arm moves forward and inward from T-position, A excessive flexion, which can cause injury if pushed to far |
| what steps go in in action potential. Resting state(sodium-potassium),Threshold(voltage-gated sodium), Depolarization(positive sodium ions), Repolarization (Potassium ions rush out), Hyperpolarization(Potassium channels remain open longer causing) | pump activily maintains ion gradients,channels open positive-feedback loop, initiating the action potential, causes inside of neuron to become more positive, make inside of membrane less positive,membrane potential more negative than the resting state. |
| what is a hinge joint and it locations? | enclosed in a capsule containing lubricating synovial fluid and have cartilage covering the bone ends. located in (elbow,knee.fingers/toes, & ankle |
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