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french revolution 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bastille | A Paris prison stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the French Revolution. |
| Bastille Day | French national holiday celebrated on July 14 to commemorate the storming of the Bastille. |
| Great Fear | A wave of panic where peasants rebelled, burned manors, and destroyed feudal documents in 1789. |
| National Assembly | A revolutionary government formed by the Third Estate to represent the people of France. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Document that guaranteed liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. |
| Limited Monarchy | A government in which the monarch’s powers are restricted by a constitution or legislative body. |
| Legislative Assembly | A French governing body that could make laws and decide on war or peace. |
| Old Regime | The political and social system in France before the Revolution, dominated by monarchy and nobles. |
| Emigres | Nobles and others who fled France during the Revolution to escape persecution. |
| Sans-Culottes | Working-class revolutionaries who wore long pants and wanted radical political change. |
| Jacobins | A radical political group that took control of France and led the Reign of Terror. |
| Guillotine | A device used for beheading people quickly and efficiently during the Revolution. |
| Committee of Public Safety | A powerful group led by Robespierre that ruled France during the Reign of Terror. |
| Reign of Terror | A period from 1793–1794 when Robespierre’s government executed thousands of people for opposing the Revolution. |
| Directory | A weak five-member government that ruled France after the Reign of Terror. |
| Coup d’état | A sudden seizure of power by force, used by Napoleon to take control of the French government in 1799. |
| Lycees | Government-run public schools established by Napoleon to train officials. |
| Napoleonic Code | A uniform set of laws created by Napoleon that emphasized order over individual rights. |
| Concordat | An agreement between Napoleon and the Church restoring relations but keeping the Church under state control. |
| Continental System | Napoleon’s blockade to stop trade between Great Britain and continental Europe. |
| Peninsular War | Conflict between France and Spain/Portugal over enforcement of the Continental System. |
| Invasion of Russia | Napoleon’s failed 1812 campaign against Russia that destroyed most of his army. |
| Battle of Leipzig | 1813 battle where Napoleon was defeated by Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden. |
| Elba | The island in the Mediterranean where Napoleon was exiled after his defeat in 1814. |
| What happened to the French monarchy in 1792? | It was abolished and France became a republic. |
| Who were the Jacobins? | A radical political group that gained power in France in 1792. |
| What happened to King Louis XVI? | He was found guilty of treason and executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793. |
| Who joined the war against France after Louis’s execution? | Great Britain, Spain, and Holland. |
| What did the National Convention do to strengthen the army? | Ordered a draft of 300,000 citizens aged 18–40, including women. |
| Who led the Reign of Terror? | Maximilian Robespierre. |
| What was the Committee of Public Safety? | A group led by Robespierre that executed anyone suspected of opposing the revolution. |
| How many people were executed during the Reign of Terror? | About 40,000 people, including Marie Antoinette. |
| What happened to Robespierre? | He was arrested and executed on July 28, 1794. |
| What government replaced Robespierre’s rule? | The Directory, a weak five-member government. |
| Who eventually rose to power after the Directory? | Napoleon Bonaparte. |
| Where was Napoleon from? | Corsica. |
| How did Napoleon rise to power? | He became a military hero and seized control in a coup d’état in 1799. |
| What were Napoleon’s economic reforms? | He created a fair tax code and a national banking system. |
| How did Napoleon improve education? | He established Lycees, or government-run public schools for men. |
| What was the Napoleonic Code? | A uniform system of laws that valued order and authority over individual rights. |
| What was the Concordat? | An agreement with the Church that improved relations but kept the Church out of national affairs. |
| What was significant about Napoleon crowning himself emperor? | It showed he had power over the Church and ruled by his own authority. |
| What was the Continental System? | A blockade to stop trade between Great Britain and continental Europe in 1806. |
| What was the Peninsular War? | A war where Napoleon invaded Spain and lost 300,000 men trying to enforce the Continental System on Portugal. |
| Why did Napoleon invade Russia in 1812? | Because Russia kept trading grain with Great Britain. |
| How many soldiers survived the invasion of Russia? | Only about 10,000 out of 422,000. |
| Where was Napoleon defeated in 1813? | The Battle of Leipzig. |
| What happened to Napoleon after his defeat? | He was forced to surrender and exiled to the island of Elba in 1814. |
| Bastille | A Paris prison stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the French Revolution. |
| Bastille Day | French national holiday celebrated on July 14 to commemorate the storming of the Bastille. |
| Great Fear | A wave of panic where peasants rebelled, burned manors, and destroyed feudal documents in 1789. |
| National Assembly | A revolutionary government formed by the Third Estate to represent the people of France. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Document that guaranteed liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. |
| Limited Monarchy | A government in which the monarch’s powers are restricted by a constitution or legislative body. |
| Legislative Assembly | A French governing body that could make laws and decide on war or peace. |
| Old Regime | The political and social system in France before the Revolution, dominated by monarchy and nobles. |
| Emigres | Nobles and others who fled France during the Revolution to escape persecution. |
| Sans-Culottes | Working-class revolutionaries who wore long pants and wanted radical political change. |
| Jacobins | A radical political group that took control of France and led the Reign of Terror. |
| Guillotine | A device used for beheading people quickly and efficiently during the Revolution. |
| Committee of Public Safety | A powerful group led by Robespierre that ruled France during the Reign of Terror. |
| Reign of Terror | A period from 1793–1794 when Robespierre’s government executed thousands of people for opposing the Revolution. |
| Directory | A weak five-member government that ruled France after the Reign of Terror. |
| Coup d’état | A sudden seizure of power by force, used by Napoleon to take control of the French government in 1799. |
| Lycees | Government-run public schools established by Napoleon to train officials. |
| Napoleonic Code | A uniform set of laws created by Napoleon that emphasized order over individual rights. |
| Concordat | An agreement between Napoleon and the Church restoring relations but keeping the Church under state control. |
| Continental System | Napoleon’s blockade to stop trade between Great Britain and continental Europe. |
| Peninsular War | Conflict between France and Spain/Portugal over enforcement of the Continental System. |
| Invasion of Russia | Napoleon’s failed 1812 campaign against Russia that destroyed most of his army. |
| Battle of Leipzig | 1813 battle where Napoleon was defeated by Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden. |
| Elba | The island in the Mediterranean where Napoleon was exiled after his defeat in 1814. |
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markoii