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Phisiology weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What’s the main function of homeostasis? | To maintain internal stability despite external changes. |
| Give an example of positive feedback. | Blood clotting or childbirth contractions. |
| What type of transport requires ATP? | Active transport. |
| What causes depolarization? | Influx of sodium (Na⁺) ions. |
| What is physiology? | The study of how the body and its parts work or function. |
| What is a feedback loop? | A system that helps maintain homeostasis through receptor, control center, and effector interactions. |
| What is negative feedback? | A process that reverses a change to keep conditions stable (e.g., temperature regulation). |
| What is positive feedback? | A process that amplifies a response (e.g., labor contractions or blood clotting). |
| What are the levels of organization in the body? | Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism. |
| What is an ion? | A charged particle formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. |
| What does pH measure? | The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. |
| What is a selectively permeable membrane? | A membrane that allows some substances to pass but not others. |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
| What is osmosis? | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| What is active transport? | The movement of substances against their concentration gradient using ATP. |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | The passive movement of molecules through a membrane via protein channels. |
| What is resting membrane potential? | The electrical charge difference across the membrane when a neuron is not active |
| What is a synapse? | The junction where communication occurs between neurons or between a neuron and another cell. |
| What is a neurotransmitter? | A chemical messenger that transmits signals across the synaptic cleft. |
| What is metabolism? | The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a cell |
| What is catabolism? | The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. |
| What is anabolism? | The building of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy. |
| What is cellular respiration? | The process by which cells use oxygen to produce ATP from glucose. |
| What is mitosis? | The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. |
| What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell death that helps maintain tissue health. |
| Why do cells divide? | For growth, repair, and replacement of damaged or old cells. |
| What are the four main types of tissues? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. |
| What are examples of connective tissue? | Bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood. |
| What is muscle tissue? | Tissue responsible for movement, either voluntary or involuntary. |
| What is the epidermis made of? | Stratified squamous epithelial cells. |
| What is melanin? | pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin its color and protects against UV damage. |
| What are the main functions of the skeletal system? | Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. |
| What are the major parts of a long bone? | Diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis. |
| What is the axial skeleton? | the central part of the skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | The bones of the limbs and girdles that attach to the axial skeleton. |
| What are the main types of joints | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. |
| What is a ligament? | A band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone. |
| What is a tendon | A connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone. |
| What is a fracture? | A break or crack in a bone. |
| How do bones heal after a fracture? | Hematoma formation → callus formation → callus ossification → bone remodeling. |
| What is an articulation? | A joint where two or more bones meet. |
| What is the function of joints? | To allow movement and provide flexibility to the skeleton. |
| What is synovial fluid? | A lubricating fluid in synovial joints that reduces friction and nourishes cartilage. |
| What is the difference between flexion and extension? | Flexion decreases the angle of a joint; extension increases it. |
| What is abduction? | Movement away from the midline of the body. |
| What is adduction? | Movement toward the midline of the body. |
| What is rotation? | Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. |
| What is circumduction? | Circular movement of a limb that traces a cone shape. |
Created by:
Jvallejo51