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Chapter 8
Concepts 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| System of beliefs, values, rituals, and practices Often structured and based on teachings of a god/spiritual leader Can be monotheistic, polytheistic, or atheistic | Religion |
| Personal relationship between body, mind, spirit, and environment Individual expression of beliefs, identity, and worldview May or may not align with organized religion | Spirituality |
| Provide emotional support through calm, attentive companionship | Offering presence |
| Validate fears, grief, hope—create space for conversation | Encouraging emotional expression |
| Use active listening, empathy, open-ended prompts | Using therapeutic communication |
| Respect patient preference for rituals or spiritual guidance | Contacting religious/spiritual advisors |
| Honor the patient's practices in a dignified and private setting | Supporting rituals (e.g., prayer, communion |
| Recognition and respect for differences in values, beliefs, and practices among various cultures. | Cultural awareness |
| The ability to effectively deliver health care services that meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients | Cultural competence |
| The presence of multiple cultural groups in a community, each with distinct traditions, languages, and lifestyles | Cultural diversity |
| Respecting and acknowledging the cultural backgrounds of others while avoiding assumptions and stereotypes. | Cultural sensitivity |
| The shared beliefs, customs, behaviors, and values of a group that influence worldview and health practices. | Culture |
| Unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or religion | Discrimination |
| A group identity based on shared ancestry, language, traditions, or national origin. | Ethnicity |
| Preconceived opinions or feelings—often negative—toward individuals or groups that are not based on actual experience | Prejudice |
| A formal system of beliefs, rituals, and practices often centered around a deity or spiritual leader. | Religion |
| Nursing practices that support a patient’s spiritual well-being through empathy, presence, and honoring personal beliefs | Spiritual care |
| An individual's sense of connection to self, others, nature, or a higher power that guides meaning, purpose, and values. | Spirituality |
| Assuming that all members of a group share the same characteristics, often oversimplified and inaccurate. | Stereotyping |
| A nursing specialty focused on providing culturally congruent care by integrating knowledge of different cultural values and practices | Transcultural nursing |
| Automatic, unintentional judgments or assumptions about others based on cultural, social, or personal background | Unconscious bias |
| is the provision of care that respects and integrates multiple cultural backgrounds—essential for today’s diverse healthcare settings. | Transcultural nursing |
| Goal= Deliver culturally congruent, safe, and meaningful care by acknowledging a patient's ethnic beliefs, values, health practices, and spiritual worldview. | Transcultural nursing |
| Support beneficial cultural practices without interference | Cultural Preservation |
| Facilitate cultural adaptations that align with healthcare standards | Cultural Accommodation |
| Help patients modify harmful cultural practices to improve outcomes | Cultural Repatterning |
| Who says? All patients have the right to receive medical care that respects their culture, religion, and spirituality. Health-care providers must deliver care that is culturally and linguistically appropriate to improve outcomes and reduce disparities. | The Joint Commission |
| Factors Indicating Cultural Diversity: | Ethnicity Religion or spiritual beliefs Primary language Health beliefs and practices Communication styles Dietary customs and restrictions Family structures and gender roles Socioeconomic background |
| Hinduism and Judaism: dietary restrictions | May decline medications or food with pork/beef derivatives |
| Caffeine prohibitions in certain religions | Require decaf options for meal trays |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine & Ayurvedic views | May refuse cold therapies (ice packs, cold drinks) |
| Faith-based healing rituals (e.g. prayer, anointing) | May need uninterrupted time, privacy, and staff support |
| Vital life force that flows through the body; illness occurs when Qi is blocked or imbalanced | Qi (Chi): |
| Opposing but complementary forces; health is maintained when these are in harmony | Yin and Yang |
| Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water—used to explain organ relationships and disease patterns | Five Elements Theory |
| The body, mind, and spirit are interconnected; treatment includes herbs, acupuncture, tai chi, and dietary therapy. | Holistic View |
| Health is seen as a balance between internal and external environments, not just physical symptoms | Illness as Imbalance |
| Delayed or avoided care due to cost | Economics |
| Limited health literacy | Education |
| Access issues in rural or underserved areas | Geography |
| Miscommunication and misunderstanding | Language |
| Distrust, fear, or refusal of care | Stereotyping & Prejudice |
| Patients below the poverty line or experiencing homelessness may avoid or delay care. Nurses must approach these individuals without bias, honoring dignity and worth. | Income & Poverty |
| Higher education = increased health literacy and access. Low literacy may mean: Poor understanding of medications or procedures Difficulty navigating systems Need for adapted patient teaching (plain language, visuals) | Education |
| Difficulty understanding or expressing health concerns due to language gaps | Language |
| Low education or health literacy may reduce care-seeking and treatment understanding | Education & Literacy |
| Lack of insurance or financial limitations delay care | Economics |
| Preconceived assumptions may affect quality of care or prevent seeking care | Stereotyping & Bias |
| Miscommunication leads to fear, anxiety, and distrust | Misunderstanding |
Created by:
Whitwhit2025