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CHEM EXAM PT1
STUDY STUDY SO HARD (Carbohydrates through Nucleic Acids)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates- details | CHO - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 1:2:1 ratio |
| Carbohydrates - functions | short term energy. structure and support (Polysaccharide) |
| Carbohydrates - Monomers | Monosaccharides. Mono = one. Sacchar= sugar. One sugar |
| Carbohydrates - Monomer uses | Glucose - Energy for cells Fructose - In fruit (Sweetest) Galactose - in milk |
| Carbohydrates -Polymers | Disaccharides - Di = two. Sacchar= sugar. two surgars |
| Carbohydrates -Polymers uses | Sucrose Glucose + fructose Lactose Glucose + Galactose Maltose - Glucose + Glucose |
| Carbohydrates - Macromolecules | Polysaccharides |
| Carbohydrates - Macromolecules Animals | Glycogen - stores glucose (starch) in animals muscles and liver Amylose- (Made by plants) but helps with gut health/cell support Chitin - Insect exoskeleton |
| Carbohydrates - Macromolecules Plants | Cellulose- found in plant cell walls. makes cell walls strong and rigid Starch - stores glucose in plants |
| Proteins - details | made of CHON. monomers: amino acids |
| Proteins - function | 1)catalysts (enzymes) 5)contractile (muscles) 2)Antibodies (Protective) 6)Structure (skin hair etc.) 3)Cellular transport 4)Storage (egg whites, seeds |
| Proteins - monomers | amino acids H R O N--C--C H H OH |
| Proteins -Monomers 2 | there are 20 natural amino acids. one r group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, amino group, and main carbon. |
| Proteins - Polymers | dipeptides & polypeptide |
| Proteins -Polymers 2 | peptide bonds covalent bonds between amino acids in proteins structures |
| Proteins -Polymers 3 | process that bonds amino acids together: DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Removes ONE molecule of water per BOND created |
| Proteins - Polymers 4 | H R peptide bond R O N--C--C______________N--C--C H H H H OH |
| Proteins -Macromolecule | proteins |
| Proteins -Macromolecule 2 General info | made of multiple polypeptide chains |
| Proteins -Macromolecule 3 General info | proteins shape can be influenced by Temperature and a change in solvant/pH |
| Proteins -Macromolecule 4 Enzyme | acts as - catalysts (Speeds up reactions) bond with - substrate Ends in - "-ase" # of enzymes in cells - 2000 |
| Proteins -Macromolecule enzyme | when the enzyme and the substrate mix they are called enzyme substrate complex. |
| Lipids - details | made of CHO. only a few Os and MANY carbon and hydrogen. |
| Lipids -Functions | Stores long-term energy (triglycerides) form cell membranes (Phospholipids) chemical messengers (hormones) Protective (waxes) |
| Lipids - Monomer 1 | Fatty Acids |
| Lipids - Monomer 2 | Glycerol (an Alcohol) |
| Lipids -Macromolecules | Triglycerides (fats oils) |
| Lipids -Macromolecules 2 | Phosopholipids |
| Lipids -Macromolecules 3 | waxes |
| Lipids -Macromolecules 4 | steroids |
| Lipids -Triglycerides (fats oils) (Sorry 255 character max) | madeof1glyceroland3fattyAcids. SaturatedFatAcid: All single bonds between carbons. Solid@room temp examples:animal fats(butter, lard, and bacon grease) UNsaturatedfats: ATLEASTONE double bond between the carbons. liquid@room temp. Examples:cookingcoils |
| Lipids - Phosopholipids | made of: 1 Phosphate group, 1 glycerol, & 2 fatty acids compose:cell membranes |
| Lipids -waxes | made of: 1 glycerol & 1 fatty acid Function: highly water proof examples: plants: cuticles on leaves exterior Animals: earwax (keeps microorganisms out) |
| Lipids- steroids | made of: 4 fused carbon rings Examples estrogen (female) Testosterone (male) ----------------------------------- Cholesterol helps with nerve cells |
| Nucleic Acids- details | made of CHONP |
| Nucleic Acids- functions | DNA&RNA- genetic code & assist with making proteins ATP- Tempory energy source. |
| Nucleic Acids- monomers | Nucleotides (Made of three parts) |
| Nucleic Acids- nucleotide 3 parts | 5 carbon sugars. Nitrogen base (A, (U)T, C, G), and phosphate group (-PO4) |
| Nucleic Acids-Macromolecules | DNA RNA ATP |
| Nucleic Acids-Macromolecules DNA | Double helix (2 strands) sugar: deoxyribose 4 nitrogen bases (A=T. C=-G) 5' is when a phosphate ground starts or ends. 3' is when a sugar starts or ends. |
| Nucleic Acids-Macromolecules RNA | Single stranded Sugar: Ribose 4 nitrogen Base: (A=U. C=-G) |
| Nucleic Acids-Macromolecules ATP | Used for temporary energy storage in bioenergetics reactions made by: mitochondria (during cellular respiration) 3 phosphate groups. energy made when a phosphate breaks off. Always Adenine for nitrogen base |
Created by:
Bones1987
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