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Chapter 17 vocabulry
Unruh's Chapter 17 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the smallest particle of an element that can be identified with that element. Consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons | atom |
a substance made of only one kind of atom. Examples of elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. | element |
the perpetual random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid medium | browian motion |
the smallest particle of substance consisting of two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded together by sharing electrons | molecule |
a chemical substance made of atoms of two or more different elements combined in a fixed proportion | compound |
a description that uses numbers and symbols of elements to describe the proportions of elements in a compound or reaction | chemical formula |
the positively charged center of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons and has almost all the mass of the entire atom but only a tiny fraction of the volume | nucleus |
the pricipal building block of the nucleus; a neutron or a proton | nucleon |
an electrically neutral particle that is one of the two kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom. | neutron |
a positively charged particle that is one of the two kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom | protons |
a form of an element having a particular number of neutrons in the nuclei of its atoms. Different isotopes of a particular element have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers. They differ in the number of neutrons. | isotopes |
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | atomic number |
an atom (or group of atoms bound together) with a net electric charge, which is due to the loss or gain of electrons | ion |
a model in which the electrons of an atom are pictured as grouped in concentric shells around the nucleus | shell model of the atom |
a chart that lists elements by atomic number and by electron arrangements, so that elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column | periodic table |
a fourth phase of matter, in addittion to solid, liquid, and gas. In the this phase, which exists mainly at high temperature, matter consists of positively charged ions and free electrons. | plasma |