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Laura Diweh
Assignment Set 1: Human Physiology 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is homeostasis? | Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. |
| What are some examples of bodily functions regulated by homeostasis? | Body temperature Blood sugar levels Blood pressure pH levels Hydration levels |
| How does the body maintain homeostasis? | The body maintains homeostasis through a complex system involving:Sensors (to detect changes) Control centers (to interpret signals) Effectors (to respond to changes) Negative feedback loops (to reverse changes) Positive Feedback loops |
| What are biomolecules? | Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
| What are the four main types of biomolecules? | The four main types of biomolecules are: 1. Carbohydrates (e.g., sugars, starches) 2. Proteins (e.g., enzymes, hormones) 3. Lipids (e.g., fats, oils) 4. Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA) |
| What is the function of nucleic acids? | Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information, playing a crucial role in: Genetic inheritance Protein synthesis Cell growth and development |
| What is cell differentiation? | Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function, often involving changes in gene expression and cellular structure. |
| What is the cell cycle? | The cell cycle is the series of stages that a cell goes through to divide and reproduce, including: Interphase (G1, S, G2) Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) Cytokinesis |
| What is the primary function of the cell membrane? | The primary function of the cell membrane is to regulate what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining homeostasis and controlling the movement of substances through selective permeability |
| What are the four primary types of tissue in the human body? | The four primary types of tissue are: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue |
| What is the main function of epithelial tissue? | The main function of epithelial tissue is to: Form a barrier (e.g., skin, lining of organs) Protect underlying tissues Regulate the exchange of materials |
| What are the primary functions of the skin? | The primary functions of the skin include: Protection (from external damage, infection) Regulation (of body temperature, water loss) Sensation (detection of stimuli) |
| What are the two main types of bone tissue? | The two main types of bone tissue are: Compact bone (dense, compact layer) Spongy bone (porous, spongy layer) |
| What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system? | Cartilage functions as: A shock absorber A smooth surface for joint movement A template for bone growth |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Support Protection (of internal organs) Movement (through attachment to muscles) Blood cell production (in bone marrow) Storage of minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus) |
| What is an articulation? | An articulation, or joint, is the point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility |
| What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction? | Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments Myosin heads bind to actin and pull it towards the center of the sarcomere Muscle fibers shorten, resulting in contraction |
| What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? | Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction by: Binding to troponin and tropomyosin Triggering the sliding of actin and myosin filaments Initiating muscle contraction |
Created by:
Laura4real