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Bio 2 study set

UNIT 3- cellular energy in a mutualistic relationship

QuestionAnswer
Every chemical reactions starts with at least one _____ that interracts with at least one ______ and becomes at least one ______. Reactant, enzyme, product
Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules and release energy
Anabolic pathways build complex molecules and use energy
How can the inorganic phosphates (P!) of an ATP molecule be used to make a transport protein work? Pi can be added to proteins, changing their shape & allowing the protein to do the work, called phosphorylation
What is photosynthesis? The process of using light energy to produce chemical reactions in the form of sugars.
Is photosynthesis catabolic or anabolic? Anabolic
During the leaf lab in class, why did the leaf disks begin to float? They had more oxygen
What are the 4 structures found in a chloroplast? Thylakoid, granna, stroma, & inner and outer membrane
Thylakoid def: membrane-bound sacs where the light reaction takes place
granna def: The stacks that the thylakoid are arranged into
stroma def: liquid space where the Calvin cycle takes place
What is the role of Chlorophyll? Fills the thylakoid membranes & asorbs violet-blue light
What is the role of Carotenoids? absorbs violet-blue light, but then also protects the leaf from sun damage
during the light reaction, What is the role of sunlight? provides energy that excites electrons in chlorophyll
during the light reaction, what is the role of H2O? water is the source of electrons & oxygen
during the light reaction, what is the role of ATP? used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis
during the light reaction, what is the role of NADPH? carries high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle to help build sugars.
Why is regeneration essential to the Calvin cycle? it rebuilds RuBP, the molecule needed to capture CO₂ and keep the cycle going.
During fermentation yeast and bacteria produce ____ as a waste product. alcohol
During fermentations humans (and some bacteria) produce ____ as a waste product. lactic acid
What would happen if NAD+ wasn't regenerated after glycolosis NADH couldn’t be made, and glycolysis would stop.
what are the three structures found in the mitochondria? inner & outer membranes, cristae, and matrix
what is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle? to break down acetyl CoA to make NADH, FADH₂, and ATP that carry energy to the electron transport chain.
How much energy is produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? 2 ATP
How much ATP is produced in Oxidative phosphorylation? 28 ATP
What is the main function of glycolysis? break down glucose into PRUVATE while producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
what is frutose diphosphate? a double-phosphate sugar made in the middle of glycolysis
Created by: oliviacerta
 

 



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