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PLATTECH FINALS
REVIEWER FOR FINALS (NUMOA)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The OS feature that provides a method for users to INTRERACT with the computer using a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen. | User Interface |
| An essential OS role that ORGANIZES and MANAGE files using a File System. | Storage Management |
| The METHOD by which an OS stores and organizes files and manages access to files on a storage device. | File System |
| The running process can be INTERRUPTED and replaced with another process at any time based on a system interrupt, a higher-priority task, or a time-slice expiring | Preemptive Multitasking |
| The OS gives CPU control to a process and waits for it to VOLUNTARILY terminate or enter a waiting state before giving the CPU to the next process | Cooperative Multi-Tasking |
| The OS component responsible for MANAGING RUNNING programs and services, used when ending an unresponsive program (e.g., via Task Manager). | Process Management |
| Firmware essential during system startup, primarily responsible for INITIALIZING HARDWARE COMPONENTS | BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) |
| Software that allows the Operating System to COMMUNICATE with a SPECIFIC HARDWARE device (e.g., a Printer Driver). | Device Drivers |
| Exist to ensure compatibility and INTEROPERABILITY across different operating systems. | POSIX Standards |
| The OS that established the STANDARD LOOK and feel for all subsequent Windows OSs; the first popular Microsoft OS with an integrated GUI. | Windows 95 |
| Introduced INTELLIMIRROR, a concept enabling clients to access the same settings/files even when disconnected. | Windows 2000 |
| The desktop version corresponding to Windows Server 2003; it was the first Windows OS that REQUIREDA CTIVATION after installation | Windows XP |
| Introduced in 2009; developed to address issues and criticisms associated with WINDOWS VISTA | Windows 7 |
| A SECURITY FEATURE IN WINDOWS 7 that restricts a service from performing activities in critical OS structures to limit damage from malware. | Windows Service Hardening (WSH) |
| An INTEGRATED security tool in Windows 7 (and later) designed to protect against malware | Windows Defender |
| New and enhanced features include Read-only Domain Controller (RODC), Failover Clusters, Load-Balancing Clusters, and Server Core. | Windows Server 2008 |
| A Windows Server feature used for the CENTRALIZED management of users and computers. | Active Directory |
| A MINIMAL INSTALLATION option for Windows Server that minimizes the attack surface, optimizes performance, and reduces resource usage | Server Core |
| A Server OS feature where two or more servers are TIGHTLY LINKED one is the active server and the others are standby servers. | Failover Cluster |
| Focuses on Security Updates, Drivers Updates, and Features Updates, but typically not third-party Application Updates. | Windows Update |
| The first version was released in 1984 alongside the original Macintosh computer | Mac OS (System Software) |
| The GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE used in Mac OS X starting from its initial release in 2001. | Aqua Interface |
| The first version of Mac OS X to support ONLY INTEL BASED processors | Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard |
| Included LAUNCHPAD to easily browse installed applications. | Mac OS X 10.7 Lion |
| Added the SPLIT VIEW feature, which lets you work in two snapped applications simultaneously. | Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan |
| Introduced SIRI, the voice-activated assistant, to the macOS platform. | macOS 10.12 Sierra |
| Introduced the DARK MODE user interface enhancement. | macOS 10.14 Mojave |
| The CURRENT DEAFAULT FILESYSTEM for macOS High Sierra and later. | APFS (Apple File System) |
| The RAW SILICON component containing the processor's internal circuits and logic (a typical size is 12 mm x 12 mm). | Die |
| Provides a SHARED CACHE for all cores in a multi-core CPU, storing data and instructions used across different cores | L3 Cache |
| A TEMPORARY holding location on the CPU where data must be placed before the CPU can use it. | Register |
| Carries STATUS SIGNAL between the CPU and other devices | Control Bus |
| operating system cannot run with the full utilization of a 64-bit processor's capabilities. | 32-bit OS Limitation |
| A file system initially IMPLEMENTED IN MS-DOS and supported by all versions of Windows and most other OSs | FAT (File Allocation Table) |
| Features include HOT FIX, which automatically copies data from a bad disk area to another disk area that is not damaged. | NTFS (New Technology |
| A file system available in Windows Server 2012 for large filesharing applications | ReFS (Resilient File System) |
| Supports a maximum of 4 partitions. | MBR Partitioning |
| The FDEAFAULT DISK TYPE in Windows. They can accommodate only simple volumes (partitions) and are required for the Boot Volume and System Volume | Basic Disks |
| Required if you need volumes that can SPAN MULTIPLE DISKS or be configured for fault tolerance using RAID. You can create up to 128 volumes | Dynamic Disks |
| The Windows volume where the \Windows folder is LOCATED | Boot Volume |
| The Windows volume that contains files the computer needs to FIND AND LOAD he Windows OS. | System Volume |
| The process of PREPARING a storage device for use by setting up a file system. | Formatting |
| Deletes the file system's JOURNAL and removes files from the directory structure but does not check the disk for bad sectors | Quick Format |
| The information that describes a file and its contents (file properties/attributes), but is NOT THE ACTUAL DATA stored in the file | Metadata |
| files should be stored on a SEPERATE HARD DISK from user files to reduce disk contention and improve performance. | OS/User File Separation |
| Generally means LONG TERM STORAGE (non-volatile storage) where data is maintained without a power source (e.g., HDD, SSD, magnetic tape). | Computer Storage |
| A fault-tolerant volume type that uses space fromTWO DISK and provides fault tolerance by mirroring (duplicating) data. | RAID 1 Volume |
| A fault-tolerant volume type that uses disk striping with parity and requires a minimum of THREE OR MORE DISKS | RAID 5 Volume |
| A feture in Windows server 2012 used to maximize storage effiency by REDUCING DUPLICATE FILES across the system | Data Deduplication |
| A technique where data is AUTOMATICALLY MOVED between different types of storage media based on how frequently it’s accessed or how critical it is. | Storage Tiering |
| The BEST TYPE OF BACKUP for a full system recovery with a fast restore time, despite having a large size and slow backup speed | Image Backup |
| A STORAGE ACCESS METHOD that primarily utilizes FIBER OPTIC communication (Fiber Channel) for high-speed data transfer. | SAN (Storage Area Network) |
| A process that creates a software environment to emulate a computer's hardware, allowing MULTIPLE OS TO RUN ON ONE PHYSICAL COMPUTER | Virtualization |
| The VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT t that emulates a physical computer's hardware and BIOS | Virtual Machine (VM) |
| The physical computer on which the VM software (hypervisor) is INSTALLED. | Host Computer |
| The operating system installed within a Virtual Machine. | Guest OS |
| The part of virtualization software that CREATES AND MONITORS the virtual hardware environment, allowing multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources | Hypervisor |
| A PARTIAL COPY of a VM that contains changes made since the VM was created or since the last snapshot was made. | Snapshot |
| The FILE FORMAT USED for virtual disks in Windows, which can be mounted simply by double-clicking it starting with Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 | VHD (Virtual Hard Disk) |
| A technique that allows you to create a virtual disk that is LARGER than the available physical storage. | Thin Provisioning |
| A networking model where data, applications, and processing power are MANAGED BY SEVERS ON THE INTERNET. Its allure is based on reduced upfront costs and physical plant costs. | Cloud Computing |
| In this cloud model, computing resources and their management are the RESPONSIBILITY of the cloud service provider. | Public Cloud |
| A solution that uses application virtualization to create ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT for testing multiple applications without new computers. | Containers (Docker) |
| The physical or virtual medium (e.g., USB Flash Drive, which is the most common today) used to install an operating system. | Installation Media |
| Typically requires a BOOTABLE USB DRIVE(or DVD/CD). | Clean Installation |
| A Linux distribution noted for its HIGH STABI;LITY and long-term reliability, making it a good server choice. | Debian |
| A networking device responsible for interconnecting MULTIPLE LANs to form an internetwork (such as the Internet). | Router |
| A networking DEVICE used within a LAN to improve efficiency by preventing data packets from being broadcast to every connected device (unlike a hub). | Switch |
| The OSI model layer responsible for reliable DATA TRANSFER through error checking and flow control. | Transport Layer |
| Functions by translating HUMAN READABLE NAMES (like www.google.com) into the IP addresses that computers use to communicate. | DNS (Domain Name System) |
| The Windows tool where application logs are typically stored and VIEWED | Event Viewer |
| A KERNEL LEVEL FRAMEWORK built into Linux for firewall and packet filtering capabilities (it is not a separate third-party application). | Netfilter |
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