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Insect Lab 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Paleoptera “old wing:” | first taxon with wings, but they cannot fold wings over abdomen. Hemimetabolous, includes two living orders → odonata and ephemeroptera. |
| Odontata “Toothed” Adults: | common name is dragonflies and damselfies. Hemimetabolous. Adults are characterized by two pairs of large, membranous wings, wings cannot fold, most have pterostigma (mark on wing), large compound eyes, three ocelli |
| Odontata Immatures | naiads (aquatic nymphs), have gills, have extendable mouthparts for catching prey (modified labium) → inspired the movie Alien |
| Ephemeroptera “short-lived wing” Adults | common name is mayfly, hemilmetabolous, 3-30 mm, adults characterized by triangular shaped membranous wings, wings held above abdomen at rest, two cerci often with terminal filament, non-functional mouthparts (don’t feed) |
| Ephemeroptera “short-lived wing” Immatures | naiads (aquatic nymphs), three terminal filaments, leaf-like gills on the side of the abdomen |
| Ephemeroptera “short-lived wing” Subimago | stage in between immature (naiad) and adult, looks like adult, but isn’t reproductively mature. Often cloudy wings and dull drab body. |
| Which is the only order with a subimago state? | Ephemeroptera |
| Odonata (Dragonflies) Naiads Vs. Odonotata (Damselflies) Naiads Vs. Ephemeroptera Naiads → Gills | ODrN have internal rectal gills, ODaN have external gills, protrude from end of abdomen, EN have external gills, lead-like protrude from sides of abdomen. |
| Odonata (Dragonflies) Naiads Vs. Odonotata (Damselflies) Naiads Vs. Ephemeroptera Naiads → Bodies | ODrN have compact, chunky bodies, ODaN have bodies that are generally longer, EN have smaller bodies |
| Dermaptera “skin wing:” | common name is earwigs, hemimetabolous, you can tell it’s a nymph vs. adult by the presence/absence of wings, characterized by pincer-like wings, tegmina (leathery forewings), wings folded under tegmina, thread-like antennae, many are flat and brown |
| Dermaptera Size | usually around 7mm (up to 50 mm) |
| Plecoptera “braid wing:” | common name is stoneflies, hemimetabolous, 5 to 70 mm, BOTH ADULTS AND NYMPHS characterized by filiform (thread-like) antennae, long pair of two cerci, square pronotum (dorsal part of first thoracic segment), pair of claws on every leg. |
| Plecoptera Adults Specifically | wings have lots of venation, wings held flat and folded against body at rest, cerci often hidden by wings |
| Plecoptera Immatures Specifically | naiads (aquatic nymphs), visible gills usually on thorax or anal regions, big separated eyes, distinguishable pro-, mesa-, and metathorax. |
| Orthoptera “straight wing:” | common name is grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, hemimetabolous. |
| Orthoptera Legs | they are characterized by saltatory (jumping) hindlegs, an exception is mole crickets, which have legs adapted for digging/burrowing (fossorial legs). |
| Orthoptera Characteristics | tegmina (leathery forewings), saddle-shaped pronotum, filiform (thread-like) antennae, chewing mouthparts, two cerci, females have ovipositors |
| Orthoptera Stridulate | they make sounds by rubbing their body parts together |
| Orthoptera Typanum (Ear): | on tibia for crickets, on first abdominal segment for grasshoppers |
| Phasmatodea | common name is stick insects, leaf insects, hemimetabolous. Characterized by long slender legs, head is small, eyes on either side of the head, winged species have tegmina (leathery forewings), look like vegetation (sticks, leaves). 1.5 cm to 63 cm. |
| Mantodea | mantises, hemimetabolous, characterized by raptorial (grasping) forelegs, elongate body, elongate pronotum, elongated coxa, triangular head with big eyes, winged species have tegmina (leathery forewings), produce ootheca (egg case). |
| Coxa | long part of the leg, used for movement and grasping, often found in preying mantis. |
| Ootheca | an egg capsule of egg case made by certain insects, such as preying mantises and cockroaches, to protect their eggs. |
| Sexual Cannibalism | the act of an animal consuming its mate before, during, or after mating. |
| Blattodea | common name is cockroaches & termites (isoptera). Termites (isoptera) evolved from cockroaches, used to be considered separate orders, now both considered ‘Blattodea.” Hemimetabolous. |
| Cockroaches | characterized by cursorial (running) legs, flat and oval, large protonum extends over head, two cerci (may be covered by wings). Chewing mouthparts, winged forms have tegmina (leathery forewings), produce ootheca, 3mm to 97 mm. |
| Termites | characterized by soft bodied, usually pale, bigger mandible, small moniliform (bead-like) antenna, wings are equal size (when present), wings fall off after use, eusocial → have a caste system, morphology differs based on caste, 4 to 15 mm |
| Thysanoptera | common name is thrips, hemimetabolous, characterized by fringed wings (when winged), sucking mouthparts, asymmetrical mouthparts, missing right mandible, cigarette shaped body, short antennae, 0.5 to 5 mm, one thrips, two thrips, found in houseplants |
| Hemiptera | common name is bugs, hemimetabolous, very diverse group, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts, fluid feeding (phloem, xylem, blood, etc), stylet made of modified mandibles & maxillae, stylet sheathed in labium, some have wings with hemelytra |
| Hemelytra: | modified forewings where part of the wing is hardened while the rest is membranous |
| Psocodea | common name is lice, hemimetabolous |
| Bark & Book Lice: | characterized by neck-like constriction between head and thorax, when winged, held like a tent, chewing mouthparts, long antennae, no cerci |
| Parasitic Lice | characterized by tarsi modified for gripping, wingless, colorless, chewing or sucking mouthparts, no cerci, 1 to 10 mm |
| Termite Worker (Blattodea) Vs. Book Louse (Psocodea): | termite worker is moniliform (bead-like) antenna, round spherical head, have two cerci. Book louses have long filamentous antennae, the head is not quite round, wide, and they have no cerci. |
| Slide 47 Answers: | plecoptera, ephemeroptera, hemiptera, blattodea |
| Slide 48 Answers: | phasmatodea, mantodea |
| Slide 49 Answers: | dermaptera, pscodea, orthoptera, odonata |
| Slide 50 Answers: | orthoptera, pscodea, thysanoptera, hemiptera |
| Slide 51 Answers: | hemiptera, hemiptera, orthoptera |
| Slide 52 Answers: | blattodea, orthroptera, pscodoea |
| What are saltatory legs? What order has saltatory legs? | Those are legs adapted for jumping; the order with saltatory legs are orthoptera. |
| What are cursorial legs? What order has cursorial legs? | Cursorial legs are legs adapted for running; the order with cursorial legs are blattodea. |
| What are hemelytra? What order sometimes has hemelytra? | They are forewings that are partially leathery. They are sometimes found in hemiptera. |
| What is stridulation? Name one order that uses stridulation. | Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing body parts together. The order would be orthoptera |
| What is a subimago? Which order has a subimago? | A subimago is a winged, immature stage that appears just before the final adult molt. Ephemeroptera are the only insects with a subimago stage. |
| What are tegmina? Name two orders that can have tegmina. | Tegmina are leathery or thickened forewings that serve as protective covers for the hindwings. Two orders that can have them are orthoptera and blattodea. |
| What is an ootheca? Name one order that produces oothecas. | They’re egg sacs to protect offspring. Mantodea and blattodea have them. |
| In 1-2 sentences, describe the mouthparts of insects within the order hemiptera. | They have piercing-sucking mouthparts and they’re fluid-feeders. The stylet is the piercing mouthpart that is modified from the maxillae. |
| What is a naiad? List three orders that have naiads. | They are aquatic immatures. Some orders that have them include odenata, plecoptera, and ephemeroptera. |
Created by:
smurtab