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9 Chemistry Revision
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| proton charge | positive |
| electron charge | negative |
| neutron charge | neutral |
| ion | A charged atom |
| proton and neutron location | nucleus |
| electron location | shells |
| isotope | different number of neutrons from normal |
| elements | made up of 1 type of atom |
| atomic number | number of protons or electrons |
| mass number | number of protons and neutrons |
| stable atoms | have the same number of protons and electrons |
| compound | made up of 2 or more types of atoms |
| all matter is composed of | atoms |
| chemical reactions occur | when atoms are rearranged |
| period | rows on the periodic table |
| group | columns on the periodic table |
| the periodic table | organises atoms from smallest to largest |
| positively charged ion | cation |
| negatively charged ion | anion |
| ionic bonding | when electrons are lost or gained |
| radioactive decay | when unstable atoms break down into more stable atoms |
| radiation effect | can be harmful in large amounts |
| radiation uses | medical imaging, cancer treatment, smoke detectors |
| alpha radiation | the least penetrating, It can be stopped or absorbed by a human hand |
| beta radiation | can penetrate air and paper. It can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium |
| gamma radiation | the most penetrating, higher levels can only be stopped by many centimetres of lead or many metres of concrete. |
| half life | the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a substance to decay |
| carbon dating | used to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon 14 |
| chemical reaction | the transformation of one or more substances into new substances |
| physical reaction | a change in the appearance or state of a substance |
| conservation of matter | matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms or be rearranged |
| reactants | starting materials in a chemical reaction |
| products | ending materials in a chemical reaction |
| subscript | small number below the element symbol |
| coefficient | large number before the element symbol |
| chemical formula | the actual compounds that are participants in the reactions |
| balanced equations | each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element |
| uses of carbon dating | dating rocks, remains, fossils, |
| exothermic reactions | release heat energy |
| endothermic reactions | absorb heat energy |
Created by:
justineforrest
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