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MEIOSIS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of meiosis | To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction |
| How many cell divisions occur in meiosis | Two consecutive divisions meiosis I and meiosis II |
| What type of cells are produced at the end of meiosis | Four genetically unique haploid cells |
| What happens during Prophase I | Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs |
| What is crossing over | Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes to increase genetic variation |
| During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate | Anaphase I |
| During which phase do sister chromatids separate | Anaphase II |
| How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity | Through crossing over and independent assortment |
| What is independent assortment | Random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes |
| How many chromosomes do human gametes have | 23 chromosomes (haploid number) |
| What is a homologous chromosome pair | A pair of chromosomes containing the same genes, one from each parent |
| What occurs during metaphase I | Homologous pairs line up along the equator of the cell |
| What occurs during telophase II | Four haploid nuclei form, each with different genetic combinations |
| What is a tetrad | A structure formed by homologous chromosomes pairing during Prophase I |
| What would happen if meiosis did not occur | Chromosome number would double each generation |
| What is nondisjunction | Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, causing disorders |
| Which process maintains chromosome number across generations | Meiosis |
| What process restores diploid number after meiosis | Fertilization |