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Angela Frimpong

Human Physiology week 7

List the four major groups of organic substances in the body and identify the molecular structure of each. Carbohydrates (monosaccharides/rings), Lipids (fatty acids/hydrocarbon chains), Proteins (amino acids/complex folds), and Nucleic Acids (nucleotides/double helix for DNA).
Describe the reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. ATP's role is the "energy currency" of the cell. It powers active transport, muscle contraction, biosynthesis, and all other energy-requiring processes via reaction coupling
Define homeostasis. Homeostasis is the self-regulating process where a living system maintains stable internal conditions (like temperature, pH, and glucose) within an optimal, dynamic range despite external changes.
Define the three levels of homeostatic control Receptor: Senses the change (stimulus). Control Center: Processes the signal and sets the response. Effector: Acts to restore the balance.
what is Osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration to balance the concentrations.
Describe the growth phase of the cell life cycle.  The cell cycle's growth phases are G1 and G2 (Interphase). In G1, the cell grows, synthesizes proteins/organelles, and functions normally. In G2, it grows more, synthesizes proteins for mitosis, and makes final preparations for division.
List the four major types of tissue in the body and explain the main role of each tissue Epithelial: Protection, covering, lining, secretion. Connective: Support, binding, protection (e.g., bone, blood). Muscle: Contraction/movement. Nervous: Communication, control (signals).
Discuss the characteristics, functions, and specializations of epithelia Characteristics include tight cell packing, polarity, avascularity, and high regeneration. Functions are protection, absorption, secretion, & filtration. Specializations are microvilli (absorption) and cilia (movement).
Define the five homeostatic functions of bones. Support: Framework. Protection: Shields organs. Movement: Levers for muscles. Mineral Storage: Stores and releases calcium and phosphate Hematopoiesis: Makes blood cells in red marrow.
Define the function of bone marrow. Bone morrow's main role is hematopoiesis, producing all blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) in red marrow. Yellow marrow stores fat but can revert to red to make more cells when needed.
 Define the three generalized functions of skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle functions are: Movement (voluntary actions), Posture (maintaining position/stability), and Heat Generation (thermoregulation, e.g., shivering).
Define the term articulation an articulation (or joint) is the location where two or more bones (or bone and cartilage) meet and connect. They range from immovable (skull sutures) to freely movable (knee)
Created by: anketiah
 

 



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