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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | A period in Europe (about 1300–1600) when art, learning, and culture were reborn, inspired by ancient Greece and Rome. |
| Hanseatic League | A group of trading cities in northern Europe that worked together for trade and protection. |
| Medici | A powerful Italian family who ruled Florence and supported the arts during the Renaissance. |
| Book of Courtier | Describes ideal values of a Renaissance person |
| Italian States | Independent regions in Renaissance Italy. |
| Florence | An Italian city that was the center of the Renaissance. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | A Renaissance writer who wrote The Prince about political power. |
| Petrarch | A Renaissance poet known as the “father of humanism.” |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Created the Printing press |
| Renaissance artists | Creators like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo who focused on realism and human emotion. |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | A Renaissance artist and inventor who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. |
| Raphael | A Renaissance painter known for his graceful works like The School of Athens. |
| Michelangelo | A Renaissance artist who sculpted David and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling. |
| Albrecht Durer | A German Renaissance artist known for detailed prints and self-portraits. |
| Ivan III | A Russian ruler who freed Russia from Mongol rule and united the nation. |
| Byzantine Empire | The eastern part of the Roman Empire that lasted after Rome fell. |
| John Hus | Called out the Catholic Church and got burned to death |
| Christian Humanism | A movement that combined humanist ideas with Christian beliefs. |
| Erasmus | A Christian humanist who called for reform in the Catholic Church. |
| Thomas a Kempis | A religious writer known for The Imitation of Christ, about living a humble, faithful life. |
| Martin Luther | A German monk who started the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church. |
| Justification by Faith | The belief that people are made right with God through faith, not by works. |
| 95 Theses | Martin Luthers 95 complaints he nailed to the Catholic Churches door. |
| Ulrich Zwingli | A Swiss reformer who helped start the Protestant Reformation. |
| Anabaptists | Christians who believed in baptizing only adults who choose to follow Jesus. |
| King Henry VIII | The English king who broke from the Catholic Church and started the Church of England. |
| Book of Common Prayer | Prayer book of Church of England/King Henrys Book |
| John Calvin | From France/Predestination/Starts Calvinism |
| Institutes of the Christian Religion | A book by John Calvin outlining Protestant beliefs and theology. |
| Predestination | The belief that God has already chosen who will be saved. |
| John Knox | A Calvinist/Takes it to Scotland |
| Jesuits | Group of people who traveled to spread the Catholic Religion |
| Ignatius Loyola | Catholic person who founded the Jesuits |
| Index of Forbidden Books | Catholic Church that banned certain books |
| Council of Trent | A Catholic meeting that reformed the Church and clarified its teachings during the Counter-Reformation. |
| Huguenots | French Protestants influenced by John Calvin |
| Queen Elizabeth | The English queen who established Protestantism and strengthened England in the 1500s. |
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