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glycolysis

ppt 12 glucose metabolism glycolysis

QuestionAnswer
Glycogenolysis (Glycogen breakdown) -glycogen to glucose
Glycolysis glucose to the 3-carbon pyruvate
Gluconeogenesis synthesis of glucose from smaller precursors
Glycogenesis (Glycogen synthesis) -glucose to glycogen
Glucose is converted to ______ molecules of pyruvate two
Energy is invested in which half of the pathway? First or second? First
The second half of the path generates? 4 ATP and 2 NADH
flux through the pathway is controlled primarily at the ______ step? phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate can be converted to? Lactate acetly-CoA oxaloacetate
Glycolysis occurs in how many steps? 10
Steps 1-5 do what? energy investment
Steps 6-10 do what? energy payoff
Glucose (6-carbon molecule) is broken down into ? two 3-carbon molecules
electron carriers are reduced? True
the metabolic pathway responsible for the formation of glycogen is? glycogenesis
Glycolysis results in 2 molecules at the end of the 10 step pathway Pyruvate
Step 1: Hexokinase Reaction Glucose + ATP ---> Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP +13.8 KJ.mol -30.5 KJ.mol = -16.7 KJ.mol
In step 1 is ATP invested? Yes because ATP hydrolysis drives the reaction
Is step 1 reversible or irreversible ? Irreversible
in step one kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate molecules
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction Glucose-6-phosphate ---> Fructose-6-phosphate
Step 2 conversion is what type of reaction? Isomerization reaction
Step 2 forms what type of ring? fructose a six-carbon ketose forms a five-membered ring
Is step 2 a reaction near equilibrium? Yes
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP---> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP G = -17.2 KJ.mol
Is step 3 reversible or irreversible? Irreversible
In step 3 another ATP is invested and ATP hydrolysis drives the reaction? Yes
In step 3 are kinases enzymes that phosphorylate molecules? True
In step 3 glycolysis is _______ at this step? regulated
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of PFK in mammals
Phosphoenolpyruvate inhibits PFK ADP activates/ promotes PFK? True
Other molecules activate or inhibit phosphofructokinase (PFK) True
Sugars can be in cyclic or linear forms? True
Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is easiest to understand using the linear form of the molecule True
Step 4: Aldolase Reaction Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ---> dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Step 4: Aldolase reaction is rapid consumption of? DHAP and GAP
Is step 4 an aldolase cleavage reaction? True
Step 5: Triose Phosphate Isomerase Reaction dihydroxyacetone phosphate ---> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
In Step 5 is an isomerization reaction why? converts DHAP to GAP and vice versa
_____ is quickly consumed in the next reaction GAP
In step 5 the result is? 2 GAP's proceed through remainder of glyxolysis
At the end of the energy investment phase glycolysis 2 molecules of ______ enter the energy payoff phase. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Step 4 of glycolysis results in two carbon carbohydrates and is catalyzed by this class of enzymes lyase
This enzyme is highly activated by fructose-2,6bisphosphate phosphofructokinase
Glucose leads to two triose sugars each reaction in this phase occurs _______ per glucose molecule twice
There are 2 irreversible reactions in the energy investment phase -hexokinase -phosphofructokinase
Step 3 of glycolysis is the rate limiting step of the pathway -Highly regulated. -PEP inhibits PFK. -ADP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activate PFK
how many molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate enter the energy payoff phase two
This enzyme acts as a lyase and removes the aldose from the ketose to form GAP and DHAP aldolase
Which of the following enzymes catalyze irreversible reactions in the energy investment phase of glycolysis phosphofructokinase and hexokinase
The two activators of phosphofructokinase are ADP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Created by: sofialorena
 

 



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