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Stack #4542898
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most LIPIDS are hydrophobic what does this mean? and why do they have this property | lipids are non polar and uncharged molecules that don't interact well with polar molecules, they have this property so they can form central barriers like cell membrane, provide stable energy and storage |
| what are some roles lipids serve for living organisms | form protective layer around organs and tissues long term energy storage building blocks of many hormones important component of all cellular membranes {like phospholipids} |
| give examples of lipids | fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, waxes |
| what 2 components are the building blocks of fat | glycerol and fatty acids |
| in order to form a fat, 3 fatty acids, and a glycerol bond together to form a chemical called what? | Triacylglycerol/triglyceride |
| how many water molecules were removed to form a triglyceride? and what is this reaction called | 3 water molecules were removed, dehydration synthesis |
| unsaturated | double bond |
| differentiate from the properties of saturated and unsaturated fat | most unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp, |
| what does one monounsaturated fat create | one double bond |
| what does polyunsaturated fat equal | more than one double bond |
| saturated fatty acids equal | no double bonds |
| what are transfats | fat formed artificially by hydrogenated oils {adding hydrogen} leading to a different arrangement of double bonds than those naturally occurring lipids. changes an unsaturated fat into a saturated fat. |
| what products have saturated, unsaturated and trans fats in them? | unsaturated fats = olive oil, corn oil, canola oil, cod liver oil. saturated fats =fatty meat, full fat dairy, cake, butter trans fat = margarine, some peanut butter, shortening |
| partially hydrogenated vs completely hydrogenated | if something is partially hydrogenated, the result contains trans fat, if something is completely hydrogenated the oil becomes a solid saturated fat, trans fat free |
| what does it mean when we say a fatty acid is essential | essential fatty acids are those that the human body requires, but can't create |
| where does omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids get their name | they get their names from the position of the first double bond, counted from the omega end of the fatty acid chain. at the 3rd carbon for omega 3, and 6th carbon for omega 6 |
| what are sources of these essential fatty acids, and what health benefits do humans get from eating them | sources: salmon, trout, tuna, -benefits: reduce the risk of some cancers in animals, sudden death from heart attacks, lower triglycerides in the blood, decreased blood pressure, prevent thrombosis and reduces inflammation |
| where are waxes found | waxes can be found on aquatic bird feathers, insects, plant leaf surfaces |
| where are phospholipids found | all plant and animal cells |
| what does it mean when we say phospholipids (or soap) are amphipathic | have both hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part |
| what happens in a bilayer | phospholipids fatty acids tails face inside away from water, and phosphate group faces the outside (aqueous side) |
| how do steroids differ from other lipids in terms of structure | steroids have a fused ring structure, four linked carbon rings, and many steroids have the -OH functional group |
| why are steroids grouped with lipids | steroids are grouped with because they are hydrophobic molecules both insoluble in water |
| examples of steroids | cholesterol is the most common steroid, bile acids? |
| what is cholesterol used for in our bodies | liver creates cholesterol and it comes before (precursor) many steroid hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, (which gonads and endocrine glands secrete) cholesterol is the precursor of bile salts |
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