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anatomy unit 2quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basale cell carcinoma: | -stratum basale (lower epidermis) -surgical removal -only rarley metastasizes (so doesn't pretty much) |
| metastasize: | comes back and/or spreads very bad |
| squamous cell carcinoma: | -superficial epidermis (stratum corneum) -can metastasize -surgical removal |
| malignant melanoma: | -epidermis -the worst -surgical removal of if metastasized, chemotherapy/radiation |
| ABCDE rule: | Assymmetry Border Color Diameter (more than a pencil eraser = bad) Evolving |
| 1st degree burn: | only epidermis, heals |
| 2nd degree burn: | epidermis and upper dermis, accessory structures damaged, may scar |
| 3rd degree burn: | epidermis and dermis, accessory structures damaged, goes numb, and needs a skin graft (does not heal on its own) |
| non-specific line(s) of defense: | -skin -innate immune cells |
| specific line(s) of defense: | antibodies |
| thymus: | develops T cells |
| bone marrow: | produces blood cells |
| spleen: | "filter": stores white blood cells and removes damaged red blood cells |
| lymph nodes: | filter out dead cells |
| lymphatic vessels: | collect lymph fluid and return it to circulation |
| tonsils: | protects the nose and mouth |
| lymphatic/immune system: | destroys germs and other foreign substances |
| immunity: | ability to fight infection by producing antibodies or killing the infected cells |
| pathogen: | what causes the disease. ex: virus, bacteria, parasite, heartworm, etc |
| antigen: | "the ID" of the cell -the little pointy things on the cell (looks like tiny hairs/bumps) |
| antibody: | -proteins made by lymphocytes -combine w/ a specifc antigen (like a lock and a key) -looks like a V |
| lymphocytes: | white blood cells inside of lymph nodes, detect presence of foreign antigens |
| innate immune cells: | -non-specific -white blood cells produced by bone marrow |
| phagocytes: | destroy pathogens by eating them |
| monocytes/macrophages: | remove dead cells and microorganisms, initiate immune response |
| neutrophils: | pus (ew) bc they squeeze out capillaries |
| eosinophil: | fights against parasites and other infections |
| basophils: | least common - allergic reactions |
| antibodies: | -specific response -recognize and binds to antigens -does not fight against the infection, but slows down the infection on spreading |
| how does UV rays affect the skin? | if not protected, UV radiation creates DNA damage and gene mutations, which can lead to the development of skin cancer |
| steps of wound healing and scarring: | 1: bleeds, trigger immune response 2: phagocytes remove debris and clotting occurs, epithelial cells move to the injury 3: scab occurs while underneath, fibroblasts form collegen tissue 4: scab sheds and fibroblasts form scar tissue |
| steps of inflammation: | 1: histamine increases blood flow 2: histamine causes capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes and starts to clott the wound 3: phagocytes eat the bacteria 4: platelets move out of the capillary to seal the wounded area |
| lupus: | -attacks healthy cells and tissues -pain, fever, rash, hair loss, swelling, etc |
| rhematoid arthritus: | -crippling joints -attacks the membrane that protects joins -severe pain |
| multiple sclerosis: | -attacks nervous system -sensasion problems, depression, weakness, difficulties w/ speech, etc |
Created by:
acuda25