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Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anesthesia | Condition of no nervous sensation |
| Aphasia | inability to speak or understand language |
| Aphagia | Inability to swallow |
| Apraxia | Difficulty performing purposeful movements despite having the ability and desire |
| Dys- | painful/abnormal |
| Dysplasia | Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs. |
| -plasia | Formation, development, or growth of cells or tissues |
| Ataxia | Lack of muscle coordination. |
| Causalgia | burning sensation of pain |
| Analgesia | Loss of pain sensation (no pain) |
| Dysesthesia | Abnormal or unpleasant sensation |
| Cephalgia | Headache |
| cerebellum | responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance and posture. |
| Cerebrum | controls higher brain functions like thinking, memory, and voluntary movement. |
| Pons | Part of the brainstem involved in relaying signals and controlling sleep and respiration |
| Hypothalamus | Regulates autonomic functions like hunger, thirst, temperature, and hormone release. |
| Thalamus | Relays sensory signals to the cerebral cortex- relay center of the brain |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of the cerebrum, made up of folded gray matter. It plays a key role in many higher brain functions |
| Dendrite | receive the initial nervous impulse from other neurons. |
| Convolution | Refers to the folds or ridges on the surface of the brain |
| Neurilemma | The outermost layer of the Schwann cell, involved in nerve regeneration |
| Dyslexia | a learning disorder characterized by difficulty with reading, writing, and sometimes spelling and learning. |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Hypesthesia | Reduced sense of touch or sensation |
| Glioblastoma | highly malignant (aggressive) brain tumor |
| Myelopathy | disease of the spinal cord |
| myel- | Spinal Cord |
| Myoneural | pertaining to muscles (myo-) and nerves (neural) |
| -al, -ar, -ic, -ous | pertaining to |
| Paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as tingling, prickling, or “pins and needles |
| Subdural hematoma | Collection of blood within the meningeal layers |
| CNS central nervous system | Brain + spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system PNS | cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses |
| parasympathetic nerves | part of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for regulating rest-and-digest activities in the body. |
| sympathetic nerves | part of the autonomic nervous system, playing a key role in the body's fight-or-flight response by regulating functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. |
| ganglia | small clusters of nerve cells |
| afferent | to the brain- enters the brain |
| efferent | exits the brain to the muscles |
| gyrus | ridge on the cerebral cortex |
| sulci | groove in the cerebral cortex |
| pia mater | the delicate innermost layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord |
| embolic | Occurs when a clot (embolus) forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, blocking blood flow |
| thrombotic | Caused by a blood clot (thrombus) forming in an artery supplying blood to the brain. |
| hemorrhagic | cerebral artery wall rupture- bleeding in or around the brain |
| Parenchyma | essential, functional tissue of an organ or system |
| stroma | The supportive tissue—connective tissue, blood vessels, etc.—that holds the parenchyma together. |
| plexus | a network of nerves and vessels |
| aneurysm | an enlarged weakened area in the wall of an artery |
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