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Perio Quiz 4 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are PDL fibers made of? | Connective tissues AKA collagen fibers |
| What cell types are in PDL space? | Fibroblasts, osteoblasts and clasts, cementoblasts and clasts |
| What is an interstitial space? | Space between collagen fibers |
| What is contained within the interstitial space? | Nerves, blood vessels, cells |
| What are epithelial rests? | Undifferentiated cells that differentiate into cells that are needed by body. |
| Where do epithelial rests come from? | The last cell layer that forms on the root surface |
| What are the 5 functions of the PDL? | Nutritive, supportive, resorptive, formative, sensory |
| What are Sharpey's fibers? | Fibers that extend into the periosteum or cementum. |
| 3 functions of cementum? | 1.) Attaches principal fibers to surface of root. 2.) Seals and covers open dentinal tubules and protects dentin 3.) Compensates for attrition of teeth by growing more cementum to make up for what's lost. |
| Where on root is cementum thickest? | Apex |
| Where on root is cementum thinnest? | CEJ |
| Is cementum innervated and does it have its own blood supply? | No |
| Where does cementum get its nutrients and blood supply? | The PDL |
| What are the 5 cell types in cementum? | Cementoblasts, cementoclasts, cementoid, cementocytes, cementicles. |
| What are cementoblasts? | Cells that form the organic matrix of cementum. |
| Function of cementoclasts? | Break down cementum. |
| What is cementoids? | Unmineralized layer of cementum, outermost layer. |
| Where do Sharpey's fibers embed into? | Cementoid, the fibers MUST attach during this phase! |
| What is a cementocyte? | A cementoblast that has become buried in the cementoid, which kills it. |
| Why do some cementoblasts get trapped in cementoid and become cementocytes? | Some cementoblasts work too slow, so they cementoid starts getting laid on top of them. |
| What is a cementicle? | An irregular circular pattern of cementum, which can be attached to the surface of the root or the PDL. |
| What is the name for the process of cementum formation? | Cementogenesis. |
| When are osteoblasts activated? | After the dentin is fully formed. |
| What event marks the beginning of cementogenesis? | When Hertwig's epithelial root sheath disintegrates. |
| After the epithelial root sheet disintegrates what can happen? | Undifferentiated cells in the dental sac can come into contact with the newly formed root dentin, the contact creates cementoblasts. |
| What do the cementoblasts do now? | Cover the entire dentin and undergo cementogenesis, which is where they start laying down cementum. |
| When cementoid matures and calcifies what does it become? | cementum |
| Cementum is formed in _________. | Layers/increments |
| How calcified does a layer of cementoid have to be before cementoblasts lay down more cementoid? | 80%, this is why cementum is never fully calcified! |
| What is acellular cementum? | Inner layers of cementum that have no cells near it, so it can't regenerate. |
| What is a drawback of the soft and permeable surface of cementum? | Bacterial byproducts and toxins can penetrate the cementum. |
| Symptoms that bacteria has penetrated the cementum? | Puffiness, edematous, erythemic, bleeding. |
| True or False: cementum and biofilm feel the same. | True |
| Since biofilm and cementum feel the same, how should you decide if it needs scraped off? | If bleeding occurs it is likely biofilm. |
| How do we get rid of bacterial byproducts and toxins that penetrated the biofilm? | Inserting iodine and antibiotics into the sulcus. |
| OMG rule is used to memorize what? | The relationship of cementum and enamel. |
| O | Most of population has cementum Overlapping enamel. |
| M | Middle of population has cementum and enamel Meeting edge to edge. |
| G | A small part of the population has a Gap between cementum and enamel. |
| What are the two types of cementum? | Acellular and cellular |
| Location of acellular cementum? | Covering entire surface of root. |
| Acellular cementum is considered _________ cementum. | primary |
| Are embedded cementocytes found in the acellular cementum? | no |
| True or False, width of the acellular cementum never changes. | True |
| Location of cellular cementum? | Apical 1/3 of root. |
| How does the calcification of acellular and cellular cementum differ? | Cellular is less calcified. |
| Why do osteoblasts get trapped in cellular cementum but not acellular cementum? | Cellular cementum forms faster. |
| Can acellular or cellular cementum regenerate? | Cellular |
| When teeth wear does on the occlusal surface or the incisal edge, what happens? | There is a compensatory deposition of cellular cementum in the apical area. |
| How does a compensatory deposition of cellular cementum in the apical area help out? | Maintains vertical dimension of the face and maintain the root length. |
| Cementum is deposited for how long? | Your whole life. |
| How does cementum formation change as you age? | Becomes thicker, but production slows |
| What makes cementum more resistant to absorption? | It is avascular and has a protective layer of cementoid. |
| Why is the resistance to resorption of cementum important? | You can move teeth in ortho and not get resorption of the roots. |
| Under what 5 conditions can cementum be resorbed? | Inappropriate ortho movement, cysts & tumors, trauma, periapical disease, Periodontal disease |
| What is a common abnormality of cementum? | Hypercementosis |
| What is hypercementosis? | An atypical thickening of cementum on multiple teeth. |
| What are 3 things that increase persons risk for hypercementosis? | Having Paget's disease, excessive and rapid ortho movement, excessive occlusal force |
| How calcified does cementum become? | 80% |
| What are 4 functions of alveolar bone? (4) | Supports soft tissues by anchoring the attached gingiva. Protects soft tissue Locomotion Reservoir for minerals like calcium |
| Why is alveolar bone never 100% calcified? | It has water in it. |
| How is calcium stored in the bone? | As hydroxyapatite |
| Where is the periosteums blood supply located? | On the outside facing the PDL, which provides an extra source of blood for the PDL. |
| Is there any bone marrow in the mouth? | No. |
| What is the periosteum? | A double layered dense C.T. sheath that covers the outer part of bone. |
| What are the two layers of the periosteum? | Inner layer and outer layer. |
| What does the outer layer of the periosteum contain? | Blood vessels and nerves |
| What does the inner layer of periosteum contain? | A single layer of osteoblasts. |
| How are compact and cancellous bone similar? | Both have the same cellular components. (made up of the same materials) |
| What are two characteristics of compact bone? | It is heavy and strong because there are fewer soft tissue spaces. |
| What are three characteristics of cancellous bone? | It is light and formed by pieces of solid bone that combine to form a lattice. Its also not strong because there are more spaces in the soft tissue. |
| How does the ratio of compact to cortical bone differ on max and mand? | More cancellous than compact bone on the mandible. |
| What is alveolar bone proper? | The compact bone that surrounds the tooth and forms the shape of the socket. |
| How thick is alveolar bone proper? | 0.1 to 0.5 mm thick |
| Alveolar bone proper is called what when it is seen on radiographs? | Lamina dura |
| True or false: you may see alveolar bone proper on x-rays. | False, it is called lamina dura instead. |
| Why do we care about the integrity of the lamina dura? | It tells us whether or not the disease process is active and how bad it is. |
| What is the alveolar crest? | The most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper. |
| What are two characteristics of a healthy alveolar crest? | It sits apical to CEJ by 1-2 mm. |
| How does alveolar crest look on x-ray | like a radiopaque triangle |
| What are 4 structures that support the alveolar bone? | Cortical bone, trabecular bone, Interdental septum, and interradicular septum. |
| Where is cortical bone found? | Only on the facial and lingual surfaces. |
| How thick is cortical bone around posterior teeth? | 1.5-3 mm thick |
| How thick is cortical bone on anterior teeth? | It varies |
| Cortical bone can only be seen how? | Taking an occlusal radiograph |
| If you look down at the sockets with no teeth in them what will you see? | The alveolar bone proper. |
| What do we call cancellous bone when its on an x-ray? | Trabecular bone. |
| What is the only area of trabecular bone that we can see on radiographs? | Between the teeth and roots. |
| What does trabecular bone look like? | A sponge |
| What is the interdental septum? | Alveolar bone between two teeth. |
| What bone types does the interdental septum consist of? | Compact bone of alveolar bone proper and cancellous bone of trabecular bone. |
| What is interradicular bone? | Alveolar bone that sits between the roots of the same tooth. |
| What 2 bone types does interradicular bone consist of? | Alveolar bone proper and trabecular bone. |
| What are arrest lines? | Where the bone resorbed itself and stopped growing |
| What are reversal lines? | Where the bone stopped growing at one point and then started again? |
Created by:
Saylorlee5