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Gerad
Physiology weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ion necessary for cross-bridging is | calcium. |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
| The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the | amount of load. initial length of muscle fibers. recruitment of motor units. |
| The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of | ATP. |
| The chief function of the T-tubules is to: | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | isotonic |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
| Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | Saddle |
| An example of a hinge joint is(are) the: | interphalangeal joints. |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
| Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by: | a relative lack of ATP. high levels of lactate. failure of the sodium-potassium pumps |
| Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules? | Smooth |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the | scapula |
| Bones act as a reservoir for which of the following minerals? | Copper & Phosphorous |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35 and 40 |
| Young children’s bones have a greater risk of fracturing because of incompletely ossified bone. | False |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the clavicle. | False |
| Calcification of the organic bone matrix occurs when | complex calcium salts are deposited in the matrix. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for attachment of muscle |
| Which is not a function of connective tissue? | Communication |
| Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium? | Secretion |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles? | Having one nucleus per cell |
| Areolar tissue usually contains which types of cells in the greatest number? | Fibroblasts |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscles? | Having intercalated disks |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? | Epithelial |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? | Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes |
| Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction? | Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | basale |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelial tissue? | Is important in communication and control |
| Which of the following is not a function of the skin? | Synthesis of vitamin E |
| What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina? | Basement membrane |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? | Collagen |
| Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? | Connective |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| Which of the following is not true of diffusion? | Uses cellular energy |
| Which of the following statements is true? | The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. |
| If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid? | It contains ribose sugar. |
| All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: | chromosome number remains at 46. |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion. |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport except: | endocytosis |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? | Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell. |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except: | ribose sugar. |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | Prostaglandin |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | Secondary |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | Salts |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | Primary |
| Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: | essential amino acids. |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen. |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate |
| Unsaturated fats: | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | amino acids. |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bonds. |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. | glycogen |
| The amino group in an amino acid is: | NH3+. |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
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