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Energy Transfers
Energy Transfers and Energy Transformation Notes
| What is energy? | the ability to cause change |
| What is Energy Transfer | when the same type or form of energy is passed along from one object to another. |
| What is Energy Transformation | When energy is converted or changes from one form to another (if a car skids and stops, its kinetic energy is transformed to heat energy) |
| What can cause a transfer or transformation of energy? | Forces |
| What is a force? | A force is a push or pull that acts on an object as a result of its interaction with other objects |
| How is force measured | In the unit known as the Newton (N) |
| How much does one unit of force weigh? | approximately .22 pounds |
| What kind of quantity is force | Vectory |
| What do vectors have? | size and direction |
| What 2 categories can forces (interactions between objects be placed in? | Contact force Action-at-a-distance force |
| What are contact forces? | an external object exerting a push or pull as a result of contact |
| What are action at a distance forces? | forces that can influence objects without any physical contact, primarily including gravitational and electromagnetic forces. |
| What is Gravity (Fgrav) | It is a non-contact force acting between 2 objects with mass. |
| What is the force of gravity? | The earth attracts an object towards itself |
| The force of gravity is the force that the earth attracts and it _______________ | attracts an object towards itself. |
| All objects on earth experience the force of gravity that is directed _________________ | downward towards the center of the earth |
| What is mass? | it is the amount of matter in an object, it is the same everywhere |
| What is weight? | the measure of the gravitational force between two objects. It can change. |
| What is the equation for weight | Weight = m x g |
| How is mass measured? | in Kilograms (kg) |
| What is g | the acceleration due to gravity. On earth, g=9.8m/s/s or approx. 10/m/s/s/ |
| Normal Force (F norm) | The force resulting when an object presses against another object |
| Normal force is often observed to _________________ | a support force from a stable surface upon which an object rests |
| Fnorm always acts | perpendicular to the surface |
| Tension force | the force transmitted through a string, rope, cable, or wire that is pulled tight at both ends |
| Spring Force | the force exerted upon an object by a stretched or compressed spring. |
| Friction | the force between two surfaces that are sliding or attempting to slide across each other |
| What causes friction | the intermolecular attractions between the two particles of the two touching surfaces. When the surfaces begin to slide across one another, the intermolecular attractions resist motion |
| Static Friction | prevents motion or the beginning of motion |
| Kinetic Friction | is the friction force that opposes the continuation of motion between two surfaces |
| Kinetic Sliding Friction | wants to stop a moving object |
| What to both static and kinetic friction have in common | always act in a direction opposite to push force or motion of the object |
| Fluid Friction | a type of friction that acts upon objects as they travel through fluid |
| What can a fluid be | liquid or gas |
| Air Resistance Friction | acts on objects moving through the air. The force can vary depending upon the shape and speed of the object |
| When is air resistance most noticeable for objects that | travel at high speed or for objects with a large surface area |
| Liquid fluid friction | varies depending on the viscosity/ thickness of the liquid and the shape of the object |
| Applied force | force exerted upon an object by a person or a thing (ex: a worker pushes a crate up a hill. The person is using applied force on the crate |
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