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Stack #4541352

bio

TermDefinition
Identify the major features shared by all cells plasma membrane, ribosomes, chromosomes, cytosol
plant cells have... a cell wall, chloroplast, a single vacuole, and NO centriols
animal cells have... no cell wall,no chloroplast, small vacuoles,
Vacuole torage, breakdown of waste products,
chlorplast site of photosynthesis
nucleus houses cells DNA
ribosomes protein synthesis
smooth ER synthesiszes lipids and detoxifies proteins or d rugs
Microtubules Cell shape and support; act as tracks for motor proteins (transport
Microfilaments Cell motility, maintenance of cell shape;
Intermediate Filaments Anchorage of the nucleus and certain other organelles
The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the biological membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
What structures interact with the phospholipid bilayer intracellularly Cytoskeleton (especially microfilaments and peripheral proteins), and signaling molecules/enzymes
What structures interact with the phospholipid bilayer extracellularly? glycoproteins, glycolipids, extracellular matrix
passive transport no energy ATP required, down then concentration gradient
active transport requires ATP, goes against the concentration gradiant
If the external solute concentration increases (becoming hypertonic), the cell will loose water and shrivel
. If the external solute concentration decreases (becoming hypotonic), the cell will gain swell and gain water
Give examples of passive transport and active transport in a living cell. Passive Transport Examples Simple diffusion(o2 or co2 moving across a the cell membrane), facilitated diffusion, osmosis
active transport examples sodium pottassium pump,
Endocytosis and exocytosis are forms of bulk transport that move large molecules or whole substances across the membrane using vesicles
Endocytosis brings substances into the cell by forming a vesicle
Exocytosis exports substances out of the cell by fusing a vesicle with the plasma membrane
Thermal Energy heat released from working muscles
Chemical Energy Glucose/atp
poteintial energy ion concentration gradiant across a membrane
kinetic energy a molecule vibrating
Catabolic Reaction Break down complex molecules into simpler one, releasing energy, exergonic
anabolic reaction Build complex molecules from simpler ones, consume energy, and are endergonic
The First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy) states that energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. In living systems a cell must acquire energy, the total amount of energy remains constant
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder or randomness) of the universe. In living systems cells can create order locally and a constant input of energy is required to maintain cells low entropy state
Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
Entropy (S) is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
Enthalpy (H) is a measure of the total heat content (or total potential energy) of a system
spontaneous reactions are those that can occur without a net input of energy, negative exergonic
Nonspontaneous reactions are those that require a net input of energy to proceed. They are characterized by a positive ΔG
How does ATP hydrolysis release energy? What bond(s) is/are broken during this process? he bond broken is the terminal high-energy phosphate bond. This bond is often called a "high-energy" bond because its hydrolysis is highly exergonic
Energy coupling is the use of an exergonic process (like ATP hydrolysis) to drive an endergonic process.
Created by: ecoesfeldd
 

 



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