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Emilee King-Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the study of energy changes? | thermodynamics |
| what is the capacity to do work? | energy |
| what type of energy is in motion? | kinetic |
| what type of energy is stored energy? | potential |
| can living things create energy? | no |
| what is used to measure energy? | Heat all forms of energy can be converted to heat |
| what is the Unit of heat equal to 1,000 calories? | a kilocalorie |
| what is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1° c? | calorie |
| what provides energy for most living systems? | the Sun |
| how is energy from the Sun captured? | photosynthesis by Plants algae and certain bacteria |
| What is the transfer of one or more electron from one atom or molecule to another? | oxidation reduction or redox reactions |
| What reaction is the loss of an electron? | oxidation reactions |
| what reaction is the gaining of electron creating higher potential energy? | reduction reactions |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | energy cannot be created or destroyed, energy only changes from one form to form, total amount of energy in the universe Remains the Same, each energy conversion results in the loss of energy as heat, and heat energy is incapable of doing work for cells |
| what is the second law of thermodynamics? | some energy is lost as disorder increases, energy cannot be transformed with 100%, increases in random motion of molecules, increase in the number of energy states available to atoms, increased dispersal of energy and systems |
| what is the randomness or disorder of a system where energy is no longer available to do work? | |
| what is the energy of available to do work at a constant temperature in a system? | free energy |
| What can be used to determine if a chemical reaction is spontaneous or not? | free energy |
| what type of reaction is not spontaneous and the products have more free energy? | endergonic reactions |
| what type of reaction has a positive change in free energy? | endergonic reactions |
| what type of reaction requires the input of energy? | endergonic reactions |
| Photosynthesis an endergonic or an exergonic reaction? | endergonic reaction |
| What type of reaction is spontaneous and the products have less free energy than the reactants? | exergonic reactions |
| What type of reaction has a negative change in free energy? | exergonic reactions |
| What type of reaction releases energy? | exergonic reactions |
| What is energy coupling? | the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic process |
| what is the amount of energy needed to start a reaction? | activation energy |
| how can reaction rates the increased? | by lowering the activation energy |
| what is an enzyme that speeds up reaction by lowering activation energy? | catalyst |
| what is the energy currency of cells? | ATP |
| what are the three smaller components of a t p? | a ribose sugar, adenine, Three phosphate groups |
| where is the energy of ATP stored? | in the phosphate bonds |
| What is a pocket on an enzyme surface where a substrate binds? | active site |
| What four factors that affect enzyme function? | Concentration of substrates and enzymes, temperature, pH, inhibitor and activators present |
| Type of inhibitor competes with the substrate for the same active site? | a competitive inhibitor |
| what type of inhibitor binds to a location other than the active site? | non-competitive inhibitors |
| how does a non-competitive inhibitor slow down a reaction? | it changes the shape of the enzyme so the substrate does not fit |
| What is an inorganic component that assist enzyme function? | co-factors such as zinc iron or copper |
| what is a non-protein organic molecule that assist with enzyme function? | coenzymes such as vitamins |
| what is the total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism? | metabolism |
| what type of reaction uses energy to build molecules? | anabolic reactions |
| what type of reactions break down molecules? | catabolic reactions |
| what is a sequence of many chemical reactions in cells? | biochemical pathways |
| why do cells use biochemical Pathways to harness and release energy? | so energy can be used for cellular work if they did not all energy would be used up quickly and lost as heat |
| Where do the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur? | in the thylakoid |
| Where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur? | in the stroma |
Created by:
aguyatmhs