C 1 What are the levels of organization in the body (smallest → largest)?

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism. Example: atom → cell → tissue → organ → system → person.

C 3 What do buffers do in the body?

Buffers keep body pH stable by adding or removing hydrogen ions (H⁺). Example: the bicarbonate buffer keeps blood pH near 7.4.

C 5 What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles; prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotes can do more complex functions.

C 8 How are epithelial tissues classified?

By layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Example: skin = stratified squamous epithelium.

C 9 What makes up the connective tissue matrix and what does it do?

Fibers (collagen = strength, elastic = stretch) + ground substance (gel-like support). Together give support, flexibility, and cushioning.

C 10 What are the main layers of the skin and their functions?

Epidermis: protection/barrier Dermis: strength, blood supply, nerves Hypodermis: fat storage, insulation.

C 11 What do osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts do?

Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain bone, osteoclasts break down bone. They keep bone strong and balanced.

C 12 How do the axial and appendicular skeletons differ?

Axial: skull, spine, ribs — for protection/support. Appendicular: arms, legs, hips, shoulders — for movement.

C 13 What are the 3 main types of joints and examples?

Fibrous: no movement (skull). Cartilaginous: slight movement (spine). Synovial: free movement (knee, shoulder).

C 11 How does the body control calcium levels?

Low Ca²⁺: PTH increases bone breakdown, kidney reabsorption, and gut absorption. High Ca²⁺: Calcitonin slows bone breakdown.

C 8-10 How do different tissues work together in skin?

Epithelial: barrier Connective: support/blood supply Muscle: movement protect and regulate temperature.

C 11-13 What happens to bones and joints when someone doesn’t move for a long time?

Bones lose calcium (weaken), joints stiffen, muscles shrink — leading to weakness and less movement.

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Ciara Avila

Week 1 through 5


C 1 What are the levels of organization in the body (smallest → largest)?	Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism. Example: atom → cell → tissue → organ → system → person.
C 3 What do buffers do in the body?	Buffers keep body pH stable by adding or removing hydrogen ions (H⁺). Example: the bicarbonate buffer keeps blood pH near 7.4.
C 5 What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?	Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles; prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotes can do more complex functions.
C 8 How are epithelial tissues classified?	By layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Example: skin = stratified squamous epithelium.
C 9 What makes up the connective tissue matrix and what does it do?	Fibers (collagen = strength, elastic = stretch) + ground substance (gel-like support). Together give support, flexibility, and cushioning.
C 10 What are the main layers of the skin and their functions?	Epidermis: protection/barrier Dermis: strength, blood supply, nerves Hypodermis: fat storage, insulation.
C 11 What do osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts do?	Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain bone, osteoclasts break down bone. They keep bone strong and balanced.
C 12 How do the axial and appendicular skeletons differ?	Axial: skull, spine, ribs — for protection/support. Appendicular: arms, legs, hips, shoulders — for movement.
C 13 What are the 3 main types of joints and examples?	Fibrous: no movement (skull). Cartilaginous: slight movement (spine). Synovial: free movement (knee, shoulder).
C 11 How does the body control calcium levels?	Low Ca²⁺: PTH increases bone breakdown, kidney reabsorption, and gut absorption. High Ca²⁺: Calcitonin slows bone breakdown.
C 8-10 How do different tissues work together in skin?	Epithelial: barrier Connective: support/blood supply Muscle: movement protect and regulate temperature.
C 11-13 What happens to bones and joints when someone doesn’t move for a long time?	Bones lose calcium (weaken), joints stiffen, muscles shrink — leading to weakness and less movement.

Created by: Ciiara33

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