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Physiology Stack #1
Weeks 1 - 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Homeostasis? (Ch 2) | it is the maintenance of the constant internal conditions of the body, despite the changes that are occurring inside and outside the body. |
| What is the difference between the afferent and efferent signals? (Ch 2) | Afferent signals go towards the brain ("we're going ap ap ap") Efferent signals go away from the brain |
| What are the 4 major groups of organic substances? (Ch 4) | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) |
| what are the five nitrogen bases of DNA/RNA? (Ch 4) | Purine bases: Adenosine, Guanine (pure as gold - AG) Pyrimidine bases: thymine, cytosine, Uracil |
| What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? (Ch 6) | diffusion is the movement of molecules through the phospholipid bilayer; osmosis is the same, but involves water. Both go from a level of high concentration to a level of low concentration. |
| What types of cell transportation use energy? (Ch 6) | active transport: sodium potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| What are some differences between DNA and RNA? (Ch 7) | DNA is only found in nucleus and has deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA is used to copy the DNA message and can enter the nucleus to do so. Thymine is replaced by Uracil |
| What are the four cell division stages? (Ch 7) | PMAT! Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| What are the four types of tissues? (Ch 8) | Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous |
| What are some components of extracellular matrix? (Ch 8) | Collagen (protein) reticulin (a type of collagen - protein) Elastin (protein) Glycoproteins (proteins + carb subunit) Proteoglycans (carbs attached to protein backbone) Polysaccharides (complex carb) |
| What are the 5 types of bones? (Ch 11) | long short flat irregular sesamoid |
| What is the difference between the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton? (Ch 12 & Ch 13) | The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, spinal column, ribs + sternum, sacrum + coccyx. Appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the shoulder girdle, upper extremities, hip girdle, and lower extremities. |
| What are the three types of functional joints? (Ch 14) | SAD: Synarthroses - immovable - skull sutures, joints of ribs/sternum Amphiarthroses - slightly movable - radius/ulna connection, pubic symphysis Diarthroses - synovial - freely movable |
| What are the two types of myofilaments in the muscle cells? (Ch 17) | Thin myofilaments (actin, troponin, tropomyosin) Thick myofilament (myosin) |
| What is the main electrolyte involved in muscle contractions? (Ch 17) | Calcium! binds to troponin, causes tropomyosin to shift and show actin's active site. Myosin can attach to the active site and cause power stroke. |
Created by:
sarasaccani82