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Danica Hacbang
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primary anatomical reference position. | Body erect with arms at sides and palms forward. Head and feet facing forward |
| Supine and Prone | Supine - Body laying face up Prone - Body laying face down |
| Sagittal Plane | Cuts through the middle between the eyes (separates left and right) |
| Frontal (Coronal) Plane | Cuts from the middle of the side (separates front to back) |
| Transverse Plane | Cuts at the umbilical (separates top to bottom) |
| Dorsal Cavity (back space) | Cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities |
| Ventral Cavity (front space) | -Thoracic cavity: (ABOVE DIAPHRAGM) Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels -Abdominopelvic cavity: (BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM) Digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems |
| Abdominal Cavity | Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen etc. |
| Pelvic Cavity | Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum |
| Pleural Cavity | Surrounds a lung |
| Mediastinum | Contains the heart within pericardial cavity |
| Parietal Layer vs Visceral Layer | Parietal Layer - Covers inside wall of cavity Visceral Layer - Covers internal organs |
| Abdominopelvic Regions | Upper - Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region Middle - Right lumbar region, umbilical region, and left lumbar region Lower - Right iliac (inguinal) region, hypogastric region, and left iliac (inguinal) region |
| Abdominal Quadrants | LUQ, RUQ, LLQ, RLQ |
| Axial vs Appendicular | Axial - Central body ( head, neck, trunk, torso) Appendicular - Extremities (arms and legs) |
| Matter | Anything that ha mass and occupies space |
| Elements | Simple form of matter. Cannot be broken down (26 elements in the human body) |
| Compound | Atoms of two or more elements joined to form chemical combinations |
| Cloud model | Nucleus surrounded by electron cloud |
| Subatomic Particles | Protons - Positive particles in nucleus Neutrons - Neutral particles in nucleus Electrons - Negative particles in the cloud |
| Atomic Mass | Number of protons in nucleus |
| Mass Number | Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
| Plasma Membrane vs Cytoplasm | Plasma Membrane - Outer boundary of cell (separates cell from outside) Cytoplasm - Thick gel like substance inside of cell |
| Membranous vs Non-membranous Organelles | Membranous - Sacs or canals made of cell membranes Non Membranous - Made of microscopic filaments or other non-membranous materials |
| Organelles Part 1 | Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough) - Moves proteins through canals Ribosomes - Prepare proteins for export Golgi Apparatus - Final processing of proteins to be excreted out Lysosomes - Digestive system of cell (eats unneeded & defective parts) |
| Organelles Part 2 | Proteasomes - Hollow protein cylinders that break down abnormal or misfolded proteins no longer needed in the cell Peroxisomes - Small sacs with enzymes that detoxify harmful substances (in kidneys & livers) Mitochondria - "Power house" of cell |
| Extracellular Matrix (ECM)? | fluid environment of the body—a complex, nonliving material found between cells in a tissue. |
| Collagen forms: | 1) Collagenous fibers – strong, flexible “ropes” of collagen. 2) Reticular fibers – thin collagen (type III) fibers forming a delicate 3D network. 3) Basal lamina – flat collagen (type IV) framework forming part of the basement membrane. |
| Elastin | Forms stretchy elastic fibers that give tissues the ability to recoil. |
| Glycoproteins | Proteins with a few carbohydrate attachments. |
| Fibronectin and Laminin | connect ECM components to cells by binding to integrins in plasma membranes |
| Epithelial and Connective tissues. | greatest ability to regenerate |
| Epithelial Tissues | -Form membranes that contain and protect the internal fluid environment. -Absorb nutrients. -Secrete products that regulate functions involved in homeostasis. |
| Connective Tissues | -Hold organs and systems together. -Form structures that support the body and permit movement |
| Bone Types | -Long Bones: cylinder (femur, humerus, tibia, etc) -Short Bones: Boxlike (carpals, tarsals) -Flat Bones: Broad & Sheetlike (Skull, sternum, ribs, scapula) -Irregular Bones: Complex shape (vertebrae, facial bones, sphenoid) -Sesamoid: Seadlike, patella |
| Origin vs Insertion | Origin -Point of attachment does NOT move with contraction Insertion - Point of attachment that moves with contraction |
| Connective Tissue Components | 1. Endomysium— delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers 2. Perimysium— tough connective tissue binding together fascicles 3. Epimysium— coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole |
Created by:
Danica355