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Cellular Respiration
Biology quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cellular respiration? | - chemical reactions in which energy is released to support cells - breakdown of glucose to form ATP - uses O2 and makes CO2 - purpose is to make ATP from ADP and phosphate |
| What is the mitochondria? | - specializes in producing large amounts of ATP |
| what is the double membrane of the mitochondria | - outer membrane regulates transport in and out of mitochondria - inner is highly folded (cristae) - creates 2 compartments (mitochondrial matrix and the intermembrane space) |
| What is the mitochondrial matrix? | protein rich fluid that fills space inside |
| what is the intermembrane space? | fluid filled space between inner and outer membrane |
| What is aerobic respiration? | - uses O2 and makes 36-38 ATP so it is more efficient - begins in cytoplasm and is completed in mitochondria |
| What is anaerobic respiration? | doesn't use O2 and makes 2 ATP - occurs in cytoplasm |
| what are the steps involved in aerobic respiration? | glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation (kreb cycle prep), krebs cycle, electron transport chain |
| what are the steps involved in anaerobic respiration? | glycolysis, fermentation (lactic acid and alchohol) |
| what is glycolysis? | - breaks glucose into 2 pyruvates - occurs before aerobic and anaerobic respiration - a cell must spend ATP to energize molecule |
| how is ATP involved in glycolysis? | - 2 ATP molecules were used in step 1 but 4 are produced in step 4 - glycolysis has a net yield of 2 ATP molecules |
| what is the net yield in glycolysis? | - 2 ATP - 2 NADH - 2 pyruvate |
| what is the Krebs cycle? | - breaks down acetyl CoA making CO2, NADH, H, FADH2, ATP - identified by Hans Krebs - 5 steps that occur in mitochondrial matrix |
| what does the Kreb cycle produce and release for the next step? | - one glucose molecule causes 2 turns of Krebs Cycle - 2 turns make 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2 - 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 drives ETC |
| where is the ETC in eukaryotic cells an prokaryotic cells? | - in eukaryotic, ETC lines inner membrane of mitochondrion - in prokaryotes, ETC lines cell membrane |
| what is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain? | - O2 serves as final acceptor of electrons and allows them to pass along chain making ATP synthesized - 02 also accepts protons and by combining electrons and protons, 02 forms water |
| what is the energy yield of aerobic respiration? | - has maximum yield of 38 ATP - 2 from glycolysis - 2 from Krebs Cycle - 34 from ETC |
| what is fermentation? | - anaerobic - lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation - during fermentation, no additional ATP is synthesized |
| what is lactic acid fermentation?what is lactic acid fermentation? | - transfer of 2 H from NADH and H to pyruvic acid creating lactic acid - NADH is oxidized to form NAD+ |
| what is alcoholic fermentation? | - turns pyruvic acid to CO2 and ethanol (ethyl) - used in yeast, beer, wine and ethanol in gasoline |
| what is the energy yield in anaerobic respiration? | - pathways are not very efficient in transferring energy - provide energy for organisms that have limited energy - large organisms meet their energy with aerobic |
| what is involved in glycolysis and where does it occur? | - glucose, ATP, PGAL, pyruvate, NADH - occurs in cytoplasm |
| what is involved in the link/conversion step and where does this occur? | - pyruvate, acetyl (CoA), NADH, CO2, coenzyme A - occurs in cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix |
| what is involved in the Krebs cycle and where does this occur? | - NADH, ATP, FADH2, citric acid, CO2, oxaloacetic acid, CoA, coenzyme A - occurs in mitochondrial matrix |
| what is involved in the electron transport chain and where does this occur? | - FADH2, ATP synthase, O2, H2O, NADH, ATP, H - occurs in cristae |
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