Fibrous, tough, double walled sac that adheres to the great vessels, esophagus, sternum, pleura & anchored by the diaphragm it encases/protects the heart: PERICARDITIS IS INFLAMMATION OF

thick muscular wall, it is the workhorse, does the pumping: SITE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

inner thin layer, lines the chambers and valves

Atria—right and left Ventricles—right and left Atria are reservoirs ventricles are pumps A septum divides the right & left heart

Atrioventricular -Tricuspid -Mitral Semilunar -Pulmonic -Aortic

Blowing, swooshing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow in the heart or great vessels

Incompetent valves (valves that dont close properly A hole in the septum (wall dividing the heart chambers Increased velocity of blood flow Decreased viscosity of bf (thinner blood) Structural defects of valves or unusual opening in the chambers

Where are cardiac murmurs best heard and found?

Cardiac murmurs are best heard with the bell of the stethoscope and can be heard all over the precordium (the area on the anterior chest overlying the heart and great vessels).

Aortic Valve calcification . It restricts forward flow of blood in systole. LV hypertrophy develops symptoms are fatigue, dizzy, faint, angina pain, palpitations, pallor, murmur

Pansystolic regurgitant murmurs

-A murmur extending through the entire systolic interval, from the first to the second sound. -include the murmurs of mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation and ventricular septal defects.

incompetent Mitral valve. Stream of flow backs up into LA during systole. Symptoms are fatigue, orthopnea, palpitations, Thrill & lifts and murmur.

-SA node generates a spontaneous action protentional -Atrial depolarization

-Action potential then arrives at the AV node, where it slows down temporarily -It does this to allow time for the atria to fully contract and for the ventricles to fill up with blood

-Impulse travels down to the ventricles through the bundle of HIS->right/left bundle branches ->purkinje fibers -Ventricular depolarization

-Recovery wave -Ventricular repolarization -Allows the ventricles to relax/repolarize

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Heart & Neck Vessels

Term	Definition
Pericardium	Fibrous, tough, double walled sac that adheres to the great vessels, esophagus, sternum, pleura & anchored by the diaphragm it encases/protects the heart: PERICARDITIS IS INFLAMMATION OF
Myocardium	thick muscular wall, it is the workhorse, does the pumping: SITE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Endocardium	inner thin layer, lines the chambers and valves
Chambers	Atria—right and left Ventricles—right and left Atria are reservoirs ventricles are pumps A septum divides the right & left heart
Valves	Atrioventricular -Tricuspid -Mitral Semilunar -Pulmonic -Aortic
Murmur	Blowing, swooshing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow in the heart or great vessels
Causes of murmur's	Incompetent valves (valves that dont close properly A hole in the septum (wall dividing the heart chambers Increased velocity of blood flow Decreased viscosity of bf (thinner blood) Structural defects of valves or unusual opening in the chambers
Where are cardiac murmurs best heard and found?	Cardiac murmurs are best heard with the bell of the stethoscope and can be heard all over the precordium (the area on the anterior chest overlying the heart and great vessels).
AORTIC STENOSIS	Aortic Valve calcification . It restricts forward flow of blood in systole. LV hypertrophy develops symptoms are fatigue, dizzy, faint, angina pain, palpitations, pallor, murmur
Pansystolic regurgitant murmurs	-A murmur extending through the entire systolic interval, from the first to the second sound. -include the murmurs of mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation and ventricular septal defects.
MITRAL REGURGITATION	incompetent Mitral valve. Stream of flow backs up into LA during systole. Symptoms are fatigue, orthopnea, palpitations, Thrill & lifts and murmur.
P Wave	-SA node generates a spontaneous action protentional -Atrial depolarization
PR Segment	-Action potential then arrives at the AV node, where it slows down temporarily -It does this to allow time for the atria to fully contract and for the ventricles to fill up with blood
QRS Complex	-Impulse travels down to the ventricles through the bundle of HIS->right/left bundle branches ->purkinje fibers -Ventricular depolarization
T Wave	-Recovery wave -Ventricular repolarization -Allows the ventricles to relax/repolarize

Created by: billkailau74

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