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ceutics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Initial amount : 50, 25, 10, 5 Half-life: 5, 5, 5, 5 | first order reaction |
| reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant in this reaction | first- order |
| You have been asked to make 100 ml of a 0.1M buffer at pH 7.5 and decided to make phosphate buffer. You plan to mix the components in the appropriate ratios using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. You have 4 chemicals to choose from: phosphoric acid (pK | Sodium phosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic |
| Per the pH –partition theory, which of these will be more easily absorbed through lipid membranes via passive diffusion? | benzoic acid |
| A + B forms C and the rate of C is dependent on the concentration of B alone, therefore it is? | first-order reaction |
| A patient was admitted for an overdose of amobarbital sodium (pKa =8). The pH of the patient’s urine was 6. Which of the following treatment would be appropriate and why? | IV administration of sodium bicarbonate to increase patient's urine pH and thus increase excretion of the drug |
| A preparation of a weak base with pHp = 5 will be completely dissolved at neutral pH | false |
| Acetylsalicylic acid breakdown to form salicylic acid and acetic acid is due to this reaction? | hydrolysis |
| Active transport moves drugs against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) | True |
| The amorphous form of a solid is typically more soluble than its crystalline form | true |
| An experiment was performed to determine the degradation rate of a drug. The concentration of the drug in mg/ml (y-axis) was plotted as a function of time n months (x-axis) . A linear trend-line of the data yielded the equation: y= -5x + 100. Calculate | 100-5(6) = 70 |
| An experiment was performed to determine the degradation rate of a drug. The natural log of the concentration of the drug in mg/ml (y-axis) was plotted as a function of time n months (x-axis) . A linear trend-line of the data yielded the equation: y= -0 | 8.0709-0.3466(1)=7.7243 e^7.7243 = 2262.7 |
| Background: A group of scientists identified a new drug for diabetes. It is a weak base with a pKa of 4.5. They completed pre-clinical studies and believe they have enough data to move forward with clinical studies. Question: What document will they | Investigational New Drug Application |
| Background: A group of scientists identified a new drug for diabetes. It is a weak base with a pKa of 4.5. They completed pre-clinical studies and believe they have enough data to move forward with clinical studies. Question: Calculate the % ionized | 10^pka-ph = 10^4.5-7.0 = 0.00316 0.00316/1.00316 x 100 =0.3% |
| Background: A group of scientists identified a new drug for diabetes. It is a weak base with a pKa of 4.5. They completed pre-clinical studies and believe they have enough data to move forward with clinical studies. Question: Two excipients were sugg | NaCl, because it is a non-penetrant when it comes to red blood cells (Boric Acid has opposite effect) |
| Background: A group of scientists identified a new drug for diabetes. It is a weak base with a pKa of 4.5. They completed pre-clinical studies and believe they have enough data to move forward with clinical studies. Question: Will the drug be predomi | Predominantly ionized at pH 3, predominantly unionized at pH 6 |
| Background: A group of scientists identified a new drug for diabetes. It is a weak base with a pKa of 4.5. They completed pre-clinical studies and believe they have enough data to move forward with clinical studies. Question: During the physicochemic | Polymorph with melting point of 100°C |
| Which of the following terms is used to describe the percentage of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation? | Bioavailability |
| For a given buffer, the maximum buffering capacity occurs when the pH of the buffer is equal to the pKa of the conjugate acid of the buffer system. | true |
| Calculate the buffer capacity of 0.1M acetate buffer at pH 4.76. The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. Record your answer to 4 decimal places | 2.3 x 0.1 x 0.25 = 0.0576 |
| Calculate the buffer capacity of a 0.05M phosphate buffer at pH 8. The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. Record your answer to 3 decimal places | 10^ph-pka = 6.31 2.3 x 0.05 x 6.31/7.31^2 =0.0136 |
| The following are colligative properties of solutions, EXCEPT? | Boiling point depression (colligative properties are osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, lowering of vapor pressure, freezing point depression) |
| What is the molar concentration of 5.2 grams of NaCl dissolved in 1L of water? The molecular weight of NaCl is 58.45. | 0.09 moles = mass/molecular weight 5.2/58.45 = 0.09 |
| Coordination complexes are formed as a result of non-covalent interactions between ligand and substrate | False |
| According to the Bronsted-Lowry Concept, which of the following describes a weak acid? | Proton donor |
| Which of the drug product recalls is the least severe? | Class III |
| The following substances are electrolytes, EXCEPT? | Sucrose ( electrolytes : ammonia, phenobarbital sodium, cefazolin sodium) |
| Use the introduction in Chapter 4 to match the following compounds with whether they are strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, or non-electrolytes. | Hydrochloric Acid - Strong Electrolyte Phenobarbital - Weak Electrolyte Glycerol - Non-Electrolyte |
| Which of these entities assures the safety and efficacy of drugs in the United States? | FDA |
| Facilitated diffusion moves drugs against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) | False High to Low |
| Hemoglobin and myoglobin are examples of metal-ion coordination complexes | True |
| How many grams of acetic acid and sodium acetate are required to make 100 ml of 0.2M acetate buffer at pH 4.2? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. The molecular weights of acetic acid and sodium acetate are 60.05 g and the 82.03, respectively | 0.94 g of acetic acid and 0.35 g of sodium acetate |
| Which of this regulatory documents is submitted to the FDA prior to testing a new drug in humans? | IND |
| In an acid-catalyzed reaction, reaction rate increases with increasing pH | False rate decreases with increasing pH or rate increases with decreasing pH |
| In the Noyes-Whitney equation, Cs is considered to be which of the following? | The saturated solubility of the drug in the solvent |
| In the Noyes-Whitney equation, S stands for which of the following? | The surface area of the solid drug particle |
| In the equation used to model difussion of a drug across a membrane, S stands for which of the following? | Surface area of the membrane |
| In the equation used to model difussion of a drug across a membrane, h stands for which of the following? | width of the membrane |
| In which of the following environments would a weak base with pKa = 5 dissolve more easily? | Stomach at pH 1.2 |
| If liquid A has stronger intermolecular forces of attraction compared to liquid B, which of the following statements most likely to be CORRECT? | Liquid A will have a higher boiling point than liquid B |
| Which of the following terms best describes a solution of sodium chloride with twice the osmolality of serum? | hypertonic solution |
| Ketoconazole is a weak base with pKas of 2.9 and 6.5. Which of the following liquids when taken with the drug, will enhance its dissolution upon oral administration? | coke , pH= 2.9 |
| Liquids with stronger intermolecular interactions have higher surface tensions | true |
| Which of the following molecules interacts through London-dispersion forces? | ethane |
| Which of the following statements is an accurate definition of the molarity of a dissolved substance? | Moles of solute in 1L of solution |
| What is the name and acronym of the document that is submitted to the FDA for approval of a new small molecule drug in the US? | NDA |
| Oxidation can be defined by which of the following statements? | Loss of electrons |
| Which of the clinical trials are conducted in healthy subjects? | PHASE 1 |
| Which of these clinical trials is performed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of a drug after it is approved for sale to patients? | Phase IV |
| Which of the following is/are drug physicochemical properties? Select ALL that Apply (you must Select All correct answers to get credit for this question). | Partition coefficient, solubility, and ionization state |
| Plasma protein-binding is typically reversible | True |
| Which of the following is an example of physical instability? | Polymorphic Change |
| Which of the following best defines "solubility" | Concentration of solute in a saturated solution |
| When using the equation below to calculate the % unprotonated form of phenol (a weak acid) at pH 7, which of the following terms in the equation represent the unprotonated form of phenol? pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]) Group of answer choices | A- |
| When using the equation below to calculate the % unionized form of pilocarpine (a weak base) at pH 7.4, which of the following terms in the equation represent the unionized form of pilocarpine? pH = pKa + log ([B]/[BH+]) | B |
| Which of the following compounds has the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction? | Sodium chloride NaCI |
| The half-life of a first order reaction is determined by which of the following equations? | 0.693/K |
| The half-life of a zero- order reaction is determined by which of the following equations? | D0/2K0 ; where D0 is the initial concentration of the reactant and K0 is the rate constant |
| The solubility of a drug in a solvent is directly proportional to its adsorption to a solid surface in contact with the drug solution | False, no direct proportion |
| Chapter 1 of Ansel's talks about the USP. What does USP mean? | United States Pharmacopeia |
| The following are example of Van der Waals forces, EXCEPT? Select ALL that Apply | ion-ion forces ion-dipole forces |
| Which of the following are example of Van der Waals forces? Select ALL that Apply | induced dipole-induced dipole forces dipole-dipole forces dipole induced dipole forces |
| If the vapor pressure of liquid A is less than liquid B, then liquid A will boil at a lower temperature than liquid B. Assume both liquids are at atmospheric pressure. | False Lower vapor pressure → higher boiling point Higher vapor pressure → lower boiling point |
| In which of the following substances does the ionization state depend on the pH of its environment? | weak electrolytes |
| What does it mean if a drug has an octanol/water partition coefficient greater than 1? | The drug is more soluble in octanol than in water |
| What is the concentration of a buffer containing 70 mM sodium phosphate monobasic and 80 mM sodium phosphate dibasic? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 150 mM |
| What is the pH of a buffer containing 60 mM sodium phosphate monobasic and 90 mM sodium phosphate dibasic? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 7.2+ LOG (90/60) = 7.38 |
| Which of the following are common degradation reactions that affect pharmaceuticals? | photolysis, oxidation, hydrolysis |
| Which of the following buffers has the highest buffer capacity? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 0.2M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 pka=ph |
| Which of the following buffers has the highest buffer capacity? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.8 |
| Which of the following buffers has the lowest buffer capacity? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.2 |
| Which of the following buffers has the lowest buffer capacity? The pKa of sodium phosphate monobasic is 7.2. | 0.01M phosphate buffer at pH 7.8 |
| Which of the following forms of an ionizable drug will most easily partition into aqueous fluids such as urine, sweat, and human milk? | the ionized form |
| Which of the following intravenous solutions can be used to increase urine pH? | sodium bicarbonate |
| Which of the following is an example of a molecular complex? | Ethylenediamine and theophylline complexed to form aminophylline |
| Which of the following is the correct definition for adsorption | The adhesion of a molecule to a surface |
| Which of the following is the most abundant human plasma protein? | albumin |
| Which of the following methods can be used to increase the dissolution rate of a drug in a buffer solution? Select ALL that Apply | Grind the drug into fine particles using a mortar and pestle before adding it to the buffer Stir the drug after adding it to the buffer. |
| Which of the following particle sizes would result in the fastest dissolution rate? | 0.5 mm |
| Which of the following statements about the pH-partition hypothesis is CORRECT? | The unionized form of an ionizable drug is the form that most readily crosses a lipid bilayer. |
| Which of these have the highest interfacial tension? | water and hexadecane |
| Which of these methods can be used to reduce oxidation levels in a drug prone to oxidation? | Packaging the drug in an inert atmosphere |
| What is the pH of a solution containing 0.001M HCl? | -log( 1 x 10^-3) = 3 |
| Which of the following buffer systems is most appropriate for preparing a buffer with pH of 5? | Acetate buffer (pKa = 4.76) |
| Colligative properties of solutions depend on the concentration of solute molecules or ions. Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of solutes? | 2M AlCl3 = I:4 2 x 4 = 8 |
| In which of the following substances will solubility increase as the pH decreases below the pKa? | weak bases |
| Which of the following forms of a drug has higher aqueous solubility? | ionized |
| Based on the given solubility value, which of the following is most soluble in water? | Phenol; solubility = 1 g in 15ml smaller volume = more soluble |
| What is the pH of a solution containing 0.01 M acetic acid and 0.03 M sodium acetate? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. Please round your answer to two decimal places. | ph = pka + log (a-/ha) ph = 4.76 + log (0.03/0.01) ph= 5.24 |
| Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.02 M NH3 and 0.02 M NH4Cl. The pKa of ammonium ion is 9.24 | ph = pka + log (a-/ha) ph = 9.24 + log (0.02/0.02) ph = 9.24 |
| What is the pH of a solution containing 0.03M sodium phenobarbital and 0.02M phenobarbital ? The pKa of phenobarbital is 7.4. Record your answer to two decimal places. | ph = pka + log (a-/ha) ph = 7.4 + log (0.03/0.02) ph = 7.58 |
| The pKb of morphine is 6.13. Calculate its pKa to 2 decimal places | 14-6.13 7.87 |
| The pH of a solution containing equal amounts of a weak electrolyte and it's salt form is equal to the pKa of the weak electrolyte. | true |
| pKa= - log (Ka) | true |
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sofialorena