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physio stack 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | positive |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions |
| Intrinsic control: | is sometimes called autoregulation. |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | reproductive |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | tapeworms |
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence distribution transmission |
| Positive-feedback control systems: | accelerate change |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | prion |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | opposes change |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | set point |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | adaptation to the external environment |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bonds |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | protasglandin |
| The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: | steroids |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | creatine phosphate |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component. | carbohydrate and protein |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide | Maltose |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | degree of saturation |
| DNA: | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol. |
| What are the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | protein lipids nucleic acids |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | active transport |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | metaphase |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| process of meiosis involves | meiosis occurs in two steps primitive sex cells become mature gametes. the cells become haploid. |
| Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to: | hypertropy |
| passive transport involves | dialysis. osmosis filtration |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by | double helix shape. obligatory base pairing. phosphate groups. |
| A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: | hypertonic. |
| The small water channels in the cell membrane are called: | aquaporins. |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? | Neoplasm |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by: | osmosis |
| An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a: | genome |
| The hypodermis: | connects the dermis to underlying tissues. |
| Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain? | Microglia |
| Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the: | bones |
| epithelial tissue | has the greatest capacity to regenerate |
| Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. | connective and epithelial |
| Which is not a function of connective tissue? | communication |
| Which is not a function of epithelial tissue? | assimilation |
| Which vitamins is(are) absorbed through the skin? | Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblast and osteoclast |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones. |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35-40 |
| During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the: | pelvic outlet |
| An open fracture is also known as a | compound fracture. |
| osteoblasts | Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix |
| An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by loss of bone mineral density and increased bone fragility is | osteoporosis |
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: | diaphysis |
| Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. | epiphyseal plate |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by: | somatic motor neurons |
| rotator cuff is located in the | shoulder |
| Which joint allows for the most movement? | ball and socket |
| Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? | smooth muscle |
| The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to: | replenish energy |
| characteristics of smooth muscle | no striations no T-tubules. the sarcoplasmic reticula are loosely organized |
| Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by: | lack of ATP. high levels of lactate. failure of the sodium-potassium pumps. |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period contraction phase and relaxation phase |
| major functions of muscles | movement heat production posture |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | latent period |
| Glucose can be stored in the muscle as: | glycogen |
| The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is: | iron |
| During inspiration, the _____ flatten(s), thus increasing the size and volume of the thoracic cavity. | diaphragm |
| In a myelinated neuron, the impulse can travel under the myelin between nodes of Ranvier. | true |
| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. |
| An ion channel that opens in response to a sensory stimulus is a(n) | stimulus-gated channel |
| The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that: | sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane. |
| Whether an impulse is continued through the neuron depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the axon hillock. | true |
| The tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron’s axon is called a(n) | synaptic knob |
| The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane is called the _____ membrane potential. | resting |
| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | nerve impulse. |
| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | hyperpolarization |
| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | refractory |
| The action potential seems to “leap” from node to node along a myelinated fiber. This type of impulse regeneration is called __________ conduction. | saltatory |
| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. | threshold potential |
| A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be | polarized |
| The active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions and at different rates is the | sodium-potassium pump. |
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ecortez16