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Consumer Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is consumer behavior? A. The study of how companies market their products B. The study of individuals and groups and how they select, use, and dispose of products C. The study of economic trends D. The study of advertising effectiveness | B |
| Which of the following is NOT an application of consumer behavior? A. Marketing strategy B. Regulatory policy C. Social marketing D. Product manufacturing | D |
| What is the purpose of market segmentation? A. To increase product prices B. To identify and serve groups with similar needs C. To reduce advertising costs D. To eliminate competit | B |
| Which of the following is NOT part of the marketing mix? A. Product B. Distribution C. Service D. Regulation | D |
| What is the most basic outcome of a firm’s marketing strategy? A. Increased employee satisfaction B. Product position in the consumer’s mind C. Reduced production costs D. Higher taxes | B |
| What does culture include? A. Only language and religion B. Knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits C. Political systems D. Economic policies | B |
| Which of the following is a self-oriented value? A. Cleanliness B. Individual/Collective C. Hard work/Leisure D. Diversity/Uniformity | C |
| What does Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) measure? A. The average income of a country B. The cost of a standard market basket of products C. The inflation rate D. The unemployment rate | B |
| Which color is associated with mourning in the Far East? A. Red B. Blue C. White D. Yellow | C |
| What is the term for the complex Chinese relationship-building process? A. Guanxi B. Feng Shui C. Taoism D. Confucianism | A |
| Which of the following is a self-oriented value in American culture? A. Cleanliness B. Sensual gratification C. Diversity D. Cooperation | B |
| What is green marketing? A. Marketing products with green packaging B. Marketing that ties products to environmental benefits C. Marketing only to eco-friendly consumers D. Marketing that avoids digital platforms | B |
| What is cause-related marketing (CRM)? A. Marketing that causes controversy B. Marketing that ties products to a social cause C. Marketing that targets only nonprofit organizations D. Marketing that avoids emotional appeals | B |
| What is a key consideration in marketing to LGBTQ+ consumers? A. Avoiding all media B. Using only standard ads C. Understanding product and communication needs D. Ignoring community involvement | C |
| Which of the following is true about gender-based marketing? A. Gender roles are static in the U.S. B. Women influence a small percentage of vehicle purchases C. Gender roles are shifting, affecting purchasing decisions D. Men never shop for groceries | C |
| Which of the following is NOT a demographic variable? A. Age B. Income C. Religion D. Education | C |
| What is cohort analysis used for? A. To measure income levels B. To analyze generational attitudes and predict future behaviors C. To determine product pricing D. To evaluate advertising effectiveness | B |
| Which generation is known for being tech-savvy and redefining retirement? A. Generation X B. Baby Boomers C. Generation Z D. Generation Alpha | B |
| What does status crystallization refer to? A. The ability to change social class B. The consistency of status dimensions like income and education C. The process of aging D. The influence of religion on status | B |
| Which index is more accurate for measuring social class? A. Single-item index B. Multi-item index C. Income index D. Education index | B |
| What defines a subculture? A. A group with different income levels B. A segment of a larger culture with shared values and behaviors C. A group that lives in rural areas D. A group that avoids mainstream media | B |
| Which ethnic subculture has the highest average income and education levels? A. Hispanic Americans B. Black Americans C. Asian Americans D. Arab Americans | C |
| What marketing strategy is often effective for Hispanic consumers? A. Using celebrity endorsements B. English-only ads C. Spanish-language ads D. Avoiding cultural references | C |
| Which subculture is most sensitive to accurate cultural representation in marketing? A. Asian Indian Americans B. Native Americans C. Arab Americans D. Generation Z | B |
| Which of the following is NOT a religious subculture mentioned in the chapter? A. Protestant B. Buddhist C. Hindu D. Jewish | C |
| What is a nonfamily household? A. A household with children B. A household with married couples C. A householder living alone or with non-relatives D. A household with extended family | C |
| What does the Household Life Cycle (HLC) help marketers understand? A. Political preferences B. Financial investments C. Household-related needs and purchases D. Religious beliefs | C |
| Which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development involves logical thinking about concrete problems? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operations D. Formal operations | C |
| What is instrumental training in consumer socialization? A. Learning through observation B. Learning through media C. Direct teaching through reasoning or reinforcement D. Learning through trial and error | C |
| Which of the following is an ethical concern in marketing to children? A. High advertising costs B. Children’s limited ability to process information C. Lack of brand loyalty D. Overuse of digital platforms | B |
| What is a reference group? A. A group of people who live together B. A group used as a basis for behavior C. A group of coworkers D. A group of family members | B |
| Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying groups? A. Membership B. Social tie strength C. Group size D. Type of contact | C |
| What is a consumption subculture? A. A group with shared consumption patterns B. A group of marketers C. A group of researchers D. A group of advertisers | A |
| Which of the following is a form of reference group influence? A. Informational B. Normative C. Identification D. All of the above | D |
| What is viral marketing? A. Marketing through TV ads B. Marketing through billboards C. Online pass-it-along strategy D. Marketing through radio | C |
| What is selective exposure? A. Exposure to all ads B. Avoiding all ads C. Selective attention to marketing stimuli D. Exposure to only TV ads | C |
| Which of the following is NOT a stimulus factor affecting attention? A. Size B. Color C. Mood D. Position | C |
| What is hemispheric lateralization? A. Brain activity on both sides B. Eye movement C. Hand coordination D. Speech recognition | A |
| What is a subliminal stimulus? A. A loud ad B. A visible message C. A hidden message D. A repeated message | C |
| What is perceptual relativity? A. Absolute perception B. Relative perception C. Visual distortion D. Auditory bias | B |
| What are the two components of memory? A. Short-term and long-term B. Visual and auditory C. Emotional and rational D. Past and future | A |
| What is classical conditioning? A. Learning through punishment B. Learning through repetition C. Learning through association D. Learning through observation | C |
| What is operant conditioning? A. Learning through association B. Learning through rewards C. Learning through memory D. Learning through emotion | B |
| What is iconic rote learning? A. Learning through icons B. Learning through repetition C. Learning through modeling D. Learning through reasoning | B |
| What is brand equity? A. The cost of a brand B. The value assigned to a brand C. The logo of a brand D. The slogan of a brand | B |
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