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Earth Science Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Qualitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity. |
| Quantitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality. |
| Inorganic | not consisting of or deriving from living matter. |
| Weathering | the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere. |
| Erosion | the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. |
| Solution | a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). |
| Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
| Solvent | able to dissolve other substances. |
| Control Variable | an element or factor that is kept constant throughout a scientific experiment to prevent it from influencing the outcome of the study |
| Independent variable | a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another. |
| Dependent variable | a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another. |
| Mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| Renewable | of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used. |
| Non-renewable | (of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in finite quantity; not capable of being replenished. |
| Arid | (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation. |
| Abundant | existing or available in large quantities; plentiful |
| Globalization | the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. |
| Depletion | reduction in the number or quantity of something. |
| Commodity | a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, |
| Extraction | the action of taking out something, especially using effort or force. |
| Reclamation | the process of claiming something back or of reasserting a right. |
| Elevation | the action or fact of elevating or being elevated. height above a given level, especially sea level. |
| Deposition | Materials build up in layers overtime, creating a foundation |
| Uplift | Land is pushed upward by forces inside the Earth, raising the layers of rock |
| Down Cut | River begins to carve through the raised rock, cutting deep into land |
| 5 characteristics of a mineral | Inorganic, definite chemical composition, naturally occurring, must be a solid, crystalline structure |
| Difference between rock and a mineral | Minerals make up rocks, but rocks do not make up minerals. Rocks are heterogeneous, minerals are homogeneous. |
| homogeneous | consisting of parts all of the same kind. |
| heterogeneous | diverse in character or content |
| What is sand | A sentiment that is 0.0625 to 2 mm |
| How is sand formed? | Breaking down of minerals |
| What force is present for sand to form? | Wind must be present (Destructive Force) |
| Do all minerals need wind? | No. Not all minerals need wind |
| Why do different colors of sand exist naturally? | Because the minerals are different colors |
| Why do sand dunes from at WSNP? | Due to the high wind |
| Why don't sand dunes form everywhere where sand is located? | Not all sand areas of extreme wind like WSNP |
| Weathering (Constructive or Destructive) | Destructive |
| Minerals forming (Constructive or Destructive) | Constructive |
| Volcano forming land (Constructive or Destructive) | Constructive |
| Strip Mining (Constructive or Destructive) | Destructive |
| Flooding (Constructive or Destructive) | Destructive |
| Erosion (Constructive or Destructive) | Destructive |
| 4 Renewable Resources | Wind, Water, Trees and Sun |
| 3 Non-Renewable Resources | Coal, Natural Gas, Minerals |
| Exploration | Finding the minerals |
| Development | Planning the mine |
| Extraction | Taking/removing the minerals |
| Reclamation | Clean up the mine and restore the area |
| Why is reclamation important? | Because it helps the mining area get closer to it's original form, prior to the mine |
| What two environmental problems have been linked to salt mining? | Salt Spills and Air/Water/Ground Pollution and Sinkholes |
| How does the process of hydraulic fracturing help release the natural gas from the shale? | You create cracks in the gas-bearing rock, and that rock releases gas. |
| Are minerals renewable or non-renewable? | Non-renewable because minerals take a long time to form and do not have an infinite supply. |
| Two abiotic factors that must be present for Gypsum to form | Water and Heat |
| How are sand crystals formed at WSNP? | Evaporation of water leaves crystals behind |
| How are crystals formed in the Gypsum cave? | Crystal precipitates from a super-saturated solution |
| supersaturated solution | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a solvent can normally hold at a given temperature, making it an unstable state. |
| How many variables should a researcher change at a time? | 1 |
| Sand is determined by a minerals... | size |
| What are two types of sand | Mineral and organic |
| Density formula | Mass divided by volume |
| Amount of space a object occupies | Volume |
| A object with a high mass and small volume would have... | a very high density |
| How do you know if an object will float? | if its density is less than the density of the fluid it is in |
| Water density | 1g/cmcubed |
| Mass formula | Density x volume |
| Volume formula 1 | Mass divided by density |
| Volume formula 2 | length x width x height |
| Length definition | The measurement of something from end to end |
| Mass definition | The amount of stuff or matter in an object |
| Weight defintion | The force which gravity pulls and object downward |
| Volume | The amount of space that occupies a 3 dimensional figure |
| How many millimeters are in 1 cm | 10 |
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